Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Abstract: This paper studies whether the increase in government transfers, induced by an old-age pension program for individuals age 70 and older in Mexico, affects co-residing children's school enrollment, using a regression discontinuity analysis. Results suggest that while household composition and other household-level characteristics do not change significantly at the cutoff age for program eligibility, co-residing children's school enrollment increases significantly. This suggests that public resources for older adults might generate benefits for other age groups. An additional finding is that the increase in school enrollment takes places mostly at the program eligibility cutoff and not before. Given that the program transfer is known and potentially anticipated by individuals who are only a few years away from being eligible, this suggests that households might have credit constraints. Keywords: Government transfers, school enrollment. JEL Classification: J14, I25 Terms of use: Documents inResumen: Este artículo estudia si el incremento en las transferencias gubernamentales, inducido por un programa de pensiones de vejez para individuos con 70 y más años de edad en México, afecta la inscripción escolar de los niños co-residentes, usando un análisis de regresión discontinua. Los resultados sugieren que mientras la composición y otras características a nivel de hogar no cambian significativamente en la edad de corte para elegibilidad del programa, la inscripción de los niños coresidentes aumenta significativamente. Esto sugiere que los recursos públicos para los adultos mayores podrían generar beneficios para otros grupos de edad. Un resultado adicional es que el aumento en la inscripción escolar tiene lugar mayormente en el corte de elegibilidad y no antes. Dado que la transferencia del programa es conocida y potencialmente anticipada por los individuos que están a sólo unos pocos años de ser elegibles, esto sugiere que los hogares podrían tener restricciones de crédito. Palabras Clave: Transferencias gubernamentales, inscripción escolar. Documento de Investigación
Background and AimsIn the United States, 15 states and the District of Columbia have implemented recreational cannabis laws (RCLs) legalizing recreational cannabis use. We aimed to estimate the association between RCLs and street prices, potency, quality and law enforcement seizures of illegal cannabis, methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, amphetamine and alprazolam. Design We pooled crowdsourced data from 2010-19 Price of Weed and 2010-19 StreetRx, and administrative data from the 2006-19 System to Retrieve Information from Drug Evidence (STRIDE) and the 2007-19 National Forensic Laboratory Information System (NFLIS). We employed a difference-in-differences design that exploited the staggered implementation of RCLs to compare changes in outcomes between RCL and non-RCL states. Setting and cases Eleven RCL and 40 non-RCL US states. Measures The primary outcome was the natural log of prices per gram, overall and by self-reported quality. The primary policy was an indicator of RCL implementation, defined using effective dates. Findings The street price of cannabis decreased by 9.2% [β = À0.092; 95% confidence interval (CI) = À0.15-, -0.03] in RCL states after RCL implementation, with largest declines among low-quality purchases (β = À0.195; 95% CI = -0.282, -0.108). Price declines were accompanied by a 93% (β = À0.93; 95% CI = -1.51, -0.36) reduction in law enforcement seizures of cannabis in RCL states. Among illegal opioids, including heroin, oxycodone and hydrocodone, street prices increased and law enforcement seizures decreased in RCL states. Conclusions Recreational cannabis laws in US states appear to be associated with illegal drug market responses in those states, including reductions in the street price of cannabis. Changes in the street prices of illegal opioids analyzed may suggest that in states with recreational cannabis laws the markets for other illegal drugs are not independent of legal cannabis market regulation.
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