Starting from a child rights-based approach to sustainable development, this contribution underlines and compares the discourses in selected Spanish and Swedish migration and education policies on the rights of unaccompanied minors to education and discusses their impact on the enactment of the 2030 Agenda’s Sustainable Development Goals in both countries. Based on critical discourse analysis, this research shows the co-existence of two different discourses: one on unaccompanied minors as global rights holders and the other on unaccompanied minors as foreign citizens. By describing unaccompanied migrant minors as citizens rather than children, international migration agreements make it possible for the Spanish and Swedish governments to deprioritize other international agreements on refugees’ rights, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the 2030 Agenda. Furthermore, as child rights and sustainable development are mutually reinforcing, the negotiation of rights shows that there are obstacles to accomplishing rights-based Sustainable Development Goal 4 in the 2030 Agenda.
Objetivo. La siguiente investigación tiene como objetivo conocer qué cursos de las universidades españolas desarrollan los derechos humanos en la formación de los futuros maestros y maestras de Educación Primaria en derechos humanos. Metodología. Para ello, se han analizado 54 guías docentes de 46 universidades españolas que ofertaron durante el año 2018-2019 el Grado de Magisterio de Educación Primaria en castellano u otra lengua cooficial del territorio español mediante el análisis documental, apoyándonos en el software IBM SPSS Statistics 26 mediante análisis descriptivos. Resultados. Los resultados indican que: (i) cerca del 65% de las universidades españolas tienen algún contenido sobre derechos humanos en los programas de estudios, (ii) la mayoría impartidos en asignaturas generales; (iii) y que la competencia más presente en los planes de estudio es que el profesorado sea capaz de diseñar y regular espacios para promover los derechos humanos. Conclusiones. A partir de estos resultados podemos inferir que estos contenidos tienen escasa presencia y relevancia. Además, la visión que se transmite de ellos es principalmente positivista y deja de lado temas como el interés superior del menor y la dignidad humana. En definitiva, es preciso repensar la formación inicial de los maestros y las maestras para que sean capaces de atender a los grandes desafíos humanitarios actuales y futuros.
Objectives: The aim of the study is to analyze the burden of chronic diseases on public health care expenditures using pharmaceutical data regarding about 2 million individuals. MethOds: Data come from the administrative database of the third Belgian health insurance funds. Without explicit diagnoses of diseases in the database, chronic diseases are mainly estimated using drugs prescription (reimbursed medications only) for a treatment of at least 90 days/year. A multivariate linear model based on the OLS method is used to analyse the impact of 23 chronic diseases on health care expenditures, while controlling for age, sex, marital and social status, share of hospital expenditures, residential areas and year of death. Results: Monthly average health care costs for people with one or more chronic conditions is 6 times greater than the ones without any chronic conditions (€ 423 vs. € 71). All chronic diseases (except psoriasis) have a significant impact on health care (at 1% level). The last months of life, developing or living with cancer, chronic renal failure, rare disease and mental disorder are the factors having the greatest impact on monthly reimbursed health care expenditures. All things being equal, a person at the end of life costs more than € 2,236 per month to the health insurance compared to a person not at the end of life. Respectively this amounts to € 3,557, € 3,008, € 2,042 and € 1,151 for people living with a rare disease, chronic renal failure, mental disorder and cancer. cOnclusiOns: Results found in this study are similar to those observed in other countries. Our findings show in particular that chronic diseases significantly drive health care expenditures. Using secondary data allows to classify chronic diseases according to the financial weights while controlling for characteristics of the analysed population. Results highlight the high financial burden of chronic diseases for public health care expenditures and allow decision-makers to take appropriate public health measures. PHP143 tHe effect of cHIna's basIc meDIcal Insurance scHemes on HealtH servIce utIlIzatIonObjectives: Over the past decade increasing numbers of expensive drugs have entered the market, placing a financial burden on hospitals in particular. Many high-cost therapies require use or at least initiation in the hospital setting. Many European countries reimburse hospitals via diagnosis-related group (DRG) systems. However, DRG systems are often insufficient to cover the costs of expensive drugs. Here we assess how expensive drugs are funded in hospitals across markets, what the requirements are, and the process of additional funds being granted. MethOds: Publicly available documents, governmental guidelines and regulations were assessed to understand the different processes and requirements expensive drugs need to meet to receive additional funding. Countries included were the UK, Portugal. Results: In all included countries, hospital treatments are reimbursed via DRG systems, and most provide additional funding for expensiv...
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