Abstract. Dams as well as protective dikes and levees are critical
infrastructures whose associated risk must be properly managed in a
continuous and updated process. Usually, dam safety management has been
carried out assuming stationary climatic and non-climatic conditions.
However, the projected alterations due to climate change are likely to affect
different factors driving dam risk. Although some reference institutions
develop guidance for including climate change in their decision support
strategies, related information is still vast and scattered and its
application to specific analyses such as dam safety assessments remains a
challenge. This article presents a comprehensive and multidisciplinary review of the
impacts of climate change that could affect dam safety. The global effect
can be assessed through the integration of the various projected effects
acting on each aspect of the risk, from the input hydrology to the
calculation of the consequences of the flood wave on population and assets at
risk. This will provide useful information for dam owners and dam safety
practitioners in their decision-making process.
Highlights• The E²STORMED Decision Support Tool for stormwater management is presented.• It complements financial analyses with energy and environmental criteria.• It provides robust decision criteria for informed stormwater management.• This tool encourages a more sustainable urban water management.• The tool is very useful to promote SuDS between local and regional decision makers.
Abstract. Dam safety is increasingly subjected to the influence of climate change. Its impacts must be assessed through the integration of the various effects acting on each aspect, considering their interdependencies, rather than just a simple accumulation of separate impacts. This serves as a dam safety management supporting tool to assess the vulnerability of the dam to climate change and to define adaptation strategies under an evolutive dam failure risk management framework. This article presents a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the impacts of climate change on the safety of a Spanish dam under hydrological scenarios, integrating the various projected effects acting on each component of the risk, from the input hydrology to the consequences of the outflow hydrograph. In particular, the results of 21 regional climate models encompassing three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) have been used to calculate the risk evolution of the dam until the end of the 21st century. Results show a progressive deterioration of the dam failure risk, for most of the cases contemplated, especially for the RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios. Moreover, the individual analysis of each risk component shows that the alteration of the expected inflows has the greater influence on the final risk. The approach followed in this paper can serve as a useful guidebook for dam owners and dam safety practitioners in the analysis of other study cases.
Green roofs are one specific type of sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS); they aim to manage runoff at the source by storing water in its different layers, delaying the hydrological response, and restoring evapotranspiration. Evidence of their performance in the Mediterranean is still scarce. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the hydrological performance of green roofs at building and city scales under Mediterranean conditions. A green roof and a conventional roof were monitored over one year in Benaguasil (Valencia, Spain). Rainfall and flow data were recorded and analysed. Hydrological models were calibrated and validated at the building scale to analyse the hydrological long-term efficiency of the green roof and compare it against that obtained for the conventional roof. Results show that green roofs can provide good hydrological performances, even in dry climates such as the Mediterranean. In addition, their influence at the city scale is also significant, given the average runoff coefficient reduction obtained.
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