In the present work,
bioaugmented zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs)
were prepared from aqueous fruit extracts of
Myristica
fragrans
. The ZnO-NPs were characterized by different
techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic
light scattering (DLS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The
crystallites exhibited a mean size of 41.23 nm measured via XRD and
were highly pure, while SEM and TEM analyses of synthesized NPs confirmed
their spherical or elliptical shape. The functional groups responsible
for stabilizing and capping of ZnO-NPs were confirmed using FTIR analysis.
The ζ-size and ζ-potential of synthesized ZnO-NPs were
reported as 66 nm and −22.1 mV, respectively, via the DLS technique
can be considered as moderate stable colloidal solution. Synthesized
NPs were used to evaluate for their possible antibacterial, antidiabetic,
antioxidant, antiparasitic, and larvicidal properties. The NPs were
found to be highly active against bacterial strains both coated with
antibiotics and alone.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
was found to be the most sensitive strain against NPs (27 ±
1.73) and against NPs coated with imipinem (26 ± 1.5). ZnO-NPs
displayed outstanding inhibitory potential against enzymes protein
kinase (12.23 ± 0.42), α-amylase (73.23 ± 0.42), and
α-glucosidase (65.21 ± 0.49). Overall, the synthesized
NPs have shown significant larvicidal activity (77.3 ± 1.8) against
Aedes aegypti
, the mosquitoes involved in the transmission
of dengue fever. Similarly, tremendous leishmanicidal activity was
also observed against both the promastigote (71.50 ± 0.70) and
amastigote (61.41 ± 0.71) forms of the parasite. The biosynthesized
NPs were found to be excellent antioxidant and biocompatible nanomaterials.
Biosynthesized ZnO-NPs were also used as photocatalytic agents, resulting
in 88% degradation of methylene blue dye in 140 min. Owing to their
eco-friendly synthesis, nontoxicity, and biocompatible nature, ZnO-NPs
synthesized from
M. fragrans
can be
exploited as potential candidates for biomedical and environmental
applications.
It is highly desired to synthesize low‐cost photocatalysts for the degradation of colored dyes to safeguard our environment for the future generations. Here, we report an extremely efficient and low‐cost synthesis of alkaline earth and transition‐metal ferrite photocatalysts (MgFe2O4, CaFe2O4, BaFe12O19, CuFe2O4, and ZnFe2O4) from their chloride salts and their applications for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV–visible and direct sunlight irradiation. The as‐prepared photocatalysts displayed enhanced photoactivities under both conditions of irradiation. After calcination at 600°C, the photocatalytic degradation increased significantly, and 96 and 85% MB was removed with ZnFe2O4 under UV–visible and direct sunlight irradiation, respectively. Moreover, large amounts of hydroxyl free radicals were produced under both irradiation conditions, which participated in the degradation of MB. The enhanced photodegradation activities of these photocatalysts are attributed to their extended visible light absorption and low bandgaps. This work will provide a feasible route to the synthesis of efficient and low‐cost photocatalysts to utilize sunlight for environmental remediation.
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