Characterization and genetic diversity of Phytophthora spp. isolates from cacao based on RAPD markersThis paper deals with the study of the genetic diversity of the three most important species of Phytophthora causing cacao (Theobroma cacao) black pod disease in Brazil. RAPD molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity among eight isolates of P. capsici, five of P. palmivora and nine of P. citrophthora. Genomic Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar a diversidade genética entre isolados das três principais espécies do gênero Phytophthora causadoras da podridão-parda do cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao) no Brasil, utilizando marcadores moleculares RAPD. Foram utilizados 22 isolados de Phytophthora spp., sendo oito de P. capsici, cinco de P. palmivora e nove de P. citrophthora. DNA genômico de cada isolado foi extraído e amplificado utilizando-se sete "primers" decâmeros, os quais geraram 191 marcadores RAPD. Distâncias genéticas e análises de agrupamento realizadas com base nestes marcadores permitiram uma diferenciação clara dos isolados de cada espécie e mostraram diferentes níveis de diversidade intra-específica. Ficou evidente o potencial dos marcadores RAPD como uma ferramenta auxiliar na classificação dos isolados e, também, em estudos de diversidade genética intra-específica.Palavras-chave adicionais: Phytophthora capsici, P. palmivora, P. citrophthora, Theobroma cacao, marcadores moleculares, podridão-parda. ABSTRACTDNA of each isolate was extracted and amplified using seven decamer primers which generated 191 RAPD markers. The genetic distances and cluster analysis based on these molecular markers made it possible to differentiate the isolates of each species and showed different levels of intraspecifc variation. These results confirm the potential of RAPD markers as an auxiliary tool for the classification of Phytophthora spp. isolates and also to study intraspecific genetic variability.
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