Among essential treatment of cardiovascular disorders are fibrinolytic proteases. Most thrombolysis agents are fibrinolytic enzymes from group of bacterial proteases. This work reports a potent bacterium isolated from fermented intestine of H. scabra, which could produce fibrinolytic protease with high thrombolysis activity. Bacterial selection was conducted based on proteolytic and fibrinolytic activities indicated as clear zone on skim milk and fibrin agar media, respectively. Crude proteases from the selected bacterial isolates were subjected to thrombolytic activity test based on gravimetric method, which results were confirmed after 7 repetitions. As result, 4 fibrinolytic protease-producing bacterial isolates HFSI-3, HFSI-4, HFSI-5 and HFSI-8 were obtained. Among them, HFSI-5 isolate identified as Bacillus tequilensis on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and morphological properties produced crude protease with the highest thrombolytic activity. The thrombolytic activity of crude protease produced by B. tequilensis HFSI-5 is worthy of comparing to that of standard fibrinolytic enzyme Nattokinase showing its potential as thrombolysis agent.
Lupus or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a life-threatening chronic autoimmune disease with symptoms similar to those of other diseases. Frequent misdiagnosis of lupus increases the mortality rate of the disease. Public understanding is still low about Lupus, characterized by a variety of misperceptions about the disease, which still occurs. In rural area, Lupus is still often regarded as a virus transmitted and is associated with weak immune activity. There are still many women who do not yet know that they are a group that is more susceptible to Lupus than men. Various errors in people's perception of Lupus need to be corrected to increase public awareness of the disease. Efforts to correct misperceptions about Lupus have been done through Science and Technology for Community (Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi bagi Masyarakat, IbM) activities in counseling form to the housewife groups in Kalipucung Hamlet, Genting Village, Jambu District, Ambarawa, Central Java. Participatory approaches and tutorials have been carried out in the IbM activities through the provision of counseling materials, as well as the delivery of questionnaires before and after counseling. The results of the questionnaire analysis indicate that the counseling program could improve awareness about Lupus disease among community in rural area.
Cardiovascular disease is among the largest contributors of premature mortality in the world caused by inflammation of blood vessels. The abnormalities provoke thrombus formation or thrombosis blocking blood vessels leading to strokes, heart attacks and coronary artery diseases. Increasing percentage of cardiovascular cases and deaths due to thrombosis has attracted researchers to look for newer thrombolysis agents. Commonly used drugs to treat thrombosis has been limited due to various side effects. Therefore, the search for sources of safer and cheaper fibrinolytic enzymes for handling thrombolysis continues. This study aimed to evaluate potentials of fibrinolytic protease of bacteria isolated from fermented seafood (sea cucumber) products as antithrombotic agents. Information was initially gathered from scientific publications identified using web-based tools including PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information), Science Direct (Scopus) and Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) using combinations of search terms including “fibrinolytic enzyme protease”, “endopeptidase”, “fermented food”, “sea cucumber”, “thrombolysis therapy,” “thrombolytic agent,” “fibrinolytic bacteria,” “fibrinolysis,” “protease producing bacteria,” “fibrin degradation,” “holothurians,” etc. We also searched for these terms in national and international organization technical reports and databases. This literature review reveals the prospects of fibrinolytic protease enzymes from bacteria from fermented seafood, particularly sea cucumber as novel antithrombotic agents.
Metallothionein (MTs) is an enzyme that plays a role in the binding of metals in plants. Various types of rice have been known to contain MTs and IR-Bagendit rice leaves have the highest MTs protein content compared to other rice varieties. However, MTs coding gene in IR-Bagendit rice variety is still unknown. OsRAC1 gene is reported as the down-regulator of MTs and there is an analogous gene for MTs-like gene using RAP1 and RAP2 primers in various plants. This study aimed to isolate, identification of similarity, and analysis of qualitative expression of MTs gene in IR-Bagendit rice as compared to Inpari, IR-36, and IR-34. The steps of this research were DNA isolation, PCR in OsRAC1 gene, RNA isolation and cDNA reverse transcription using primer RP1 and RP2, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Amplification quality of OsRAC1 gene in IR-Bagendit, Inpari, IR-36, and IR-34 showed the same result. Qualitative expression of MTs by reverse transcription showed that IR-Bagendit has the highest MTs-like gene compared to other samples.
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