Marine Debris is one of the spotlight issues of the world. The existence of marine debris can disrupt the ecosystem. Marine Debris carried by the current to coastal areas and accumulated along the coast. The study area of this research was on the coastline of TundaIsland, which located between Ban-ten and Lampung Provinces. These two provinces are part of two major islands of Indonesia, Java and Sumatra Island which have a high density of population. Household needs produce every day directly proportional to the population. This study is to record what types of garbage contained along the coast. There are 8 stations used in this study using International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) form with an area of 100 m2 collection at each station. From 800m2 area coverage, 1,234 items collected with 47 kg weight of debris and the density 0.072 kg/m2 with abundance 0.75 items/m2. This result suggests that household needs give the big proportion of debris such as Food wrapper, cigarettes butts, and foam pieces. In addition, the study indicates that there is a strong relation between human activities and spreading of debris.
ABSTRAKIsu mengenai persebaran sampah di laut atau sering dikenal dengan "Marine Debris" sedang menjadi perbincangan dunia. Isu ini sangat penting karena berdampak pada ekosistem. Sampah laut terakumulasi di ekosistem terutama di mangrove. Akumulasi ini diakibatkan oleh mangrove sebagai trapping terhadap sampah. Wilayah kajian pada penelitian ini adalah hutan mangrove Pulau Untung Jawa, Kepulauan Seribu yang berbatasan dengan Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Jakarta merupakan salah satu kota dengan kepadatan penduduk tertinggi, sehingga sampah rumah yang dihasilkan setiap harinya pun tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendata jenis sampah apa saja yang terdapat di daerah mangrove. Terdapat enam stasiun yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pendataan sampah mengacu kepada form International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) dengan luas area pendataan sampah 100 m 2 di setiap stasiun. Terdapat tujuh kategori sampah dalam penelitian ini, dengan kategori yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah kategori A (most likely to find items) dengan jenis sampah paling banyak adalah pembungkus makanan. Ada satu kategori sampah yang ditambahkan karena tidak tercantum dalam form ICC, yaitu kategori G (clothes) yang merupakan tipe sampah tidak biasa ditemukan di wilayah pesisir. Selain pakaian, sampah-sampah tidak biasa lainnya yang ditemukan adalah alat-alat kebersihan diri (personal hygiene). Ekosistem mangrove dapat menjebak segala jenis sampah, mulai dari pembungkus makanan, sisa alat tangkap, hingga pakaian. Sampah-sampah tersebut dapat berasal dari laut maupun dibuang langsung ke ekosistem tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan sampah yang paling sering ditemukan adalah jenis "A2" yaitu food wrapper (pembungkus makanan). Kata kunci: Ekosistem Mangrove, Macro Debris, Plastik ABSTRACTIssues about the spread of waste at sea or often known as "Marine Debris" are becoming the world's talks. This issue is very important because it affects the ecosystem. The accumulation of macro debris in the mangrove ecosystem can have an impact on environmental health and esthetics. Mangrove have an ecological role in the coastal areas so that the accumulation of macro debris can inhibit the role of the mangrove. Study area in this research is mangrove forest of Untung Java Island, Kepulauan Seribu that borders DKI Jakarta Province. There are 6 stations used in this study. Garbage collection refers to the International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) form with an area of 100 m 2 garbage collection at each station. There are seven categories of garbage in this research, with the category most often found is category A (most likely to find items) with the most waste type is food wrappers. There is one category of garbage added because it is not listed in the ICC form, the category G (clothes) which is the type of waste not commonly found in coastal areas. In addition to clothing, other unusual garbages found are personal hygiene tools. mangrove ecosystem can trap all kinds of garbage, ranging from food wrappers, residual fishing gear, to clothes. The garbage can...
The small island coast is an area that is vulnerable to environmental problems. Debris problems occur in some areas of Tunda Island with low human activity, due to current and wind factors that can distribute the debris. The speed and direction of wind and currents in Indonesia are influenced by the seasons, so the seasons have an influence on the accumulation of debris in a place. This study aims to determine the effect of the season on the distribution of debris and potential sources that influence the presence of debris on the coast of Tunda Island, Banten. This study uses MIKE 21 software to determine current and wind patterns and movement of macro debris particles. Based on season research, it influences the pattern of macro debris distribution in this area. In the east season, the increase in the litter is 9 kg from the weight of the debris in the west season. Also, there is an increase in debris in several categories including the most likely to find items, fishing gear, packaging material, small pieces trash, and base wood materials. The potential source that affects the presence of debris on the coast of Tunda Island, Banten is Muara Ciujung.
Rainfall over the Asian continent during the mid-Holocene was higher than today as shown by the rainfall proxy records. During the mid-Holocene, increased rainfall over the Asian Continent has been suggested to be associated with the strengthening of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) following a sharper continent-ocean thermal gradient. This study examined multi-model variation between changes of the continent-ocean thermal gradient and the increased rainfall over Asia during the mid-Holocene as compared to the pre-Industrial. We analyzed surface temperature, precipitation, and wind at 850mb from nine Global Climate Models (GCMs) which are all obtained from the database of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase-3 (PMIP3). Multi-model analysis shows that changes in a continent-ocean thermal gradient has a positive correlation with ASM wind. However, a negative correlation occurs between changes in the continent-ocean thermal gradient with Asian rainfall. Models that simulate large changes in the continent-ocean thermal gradient produced the smallest increase in the Asian rainfall and vice versa. Such inverse relation is likely due to the cooling of Indian Ocean SST since its correlation scores with Asian rainfall is much higher than the one with the warming of the Asian continent. Thus, multi-model variation of the increased rainfall over the Asian continent between mid-Holocene and today is mainly related to the multi-model variation of the cooling in the Indian Ocean SST.
Developing Ularmatika Media in Teaching Two Dimensional Figure For Third Grade of Students with Hearing Impairment in the Elementary Special Education. The purposeof this researchis to develop a game media of mathematics on twodimensional figure materials for third grade students with hearing impairment in elementary special education. The results, the media is well-used and can improve students’s performance. It is shown from the percentage of the average revenue validation expert reached 85,99% with qualifying very valid and the percentage of the average appraisement try out questionnaires reached 87,5% with qualifying very valid.
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