Several studies have suggested Indonesia to be among the top plastic polluting countries globally. Data on the presence and amounts of plastic pollution are required to help design effective plastic reduction and mitigation strategies. Research quantifying plastic pollution in Indonesia has picked up in recent years. However, a lack of central coordination in this research has led to research output with different goals, methods, and data formats. In this study we present a meta-analysis of studies published on plastic pollution in Indonesia to uncover gaps and biases in current research, and to use these insights to suggest ways to improve future research to fill these gaps. Research gaps and biases identified include a clear preference for marine research, and a bias toward certain environmental compartments within the marine, riverine, and terrestrial systems that have easy to apply methods. Units of measurement used to express results vary greatly between studies, making it difficult to compare data effectively. Nevertheless, we identify polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene variants (PE, HDPE, LDPE) to be among the most frequently found polymers in both macro- and microplastic pollution in Indonesia, though polymer identification is lacking in a large part of the studies. Plastic research is mostly done on Java (59% of the studies). We recommend research methods used to quantify plastic pollution to be harmonized. Moreover, we recommend a shift in focus of research toward the riverine and terrestrial environments and a shift of focus of environmental compartments analyzed within these systems, an increase in spatial coverage of research across Indonesia, and lastly, a larger focus on polymer characterization. With these changes we envision future research which can aid with the design of more effective and targeted reduction and mitigation strategies.

The complex circulation for both atmospheric and ocean affects the pathways of floating marine debris (MD). The aim of this research was to define the MD trajectories in the Indonesian boundary seas. The Lagrangian particle method was applied with oceanographic factors and debris classes based on 1 to 3% windage class. The simulation was applied during the Northwest and Southeast Monsoon period. On the basis of the obtained findings, the debris trajectory patterns were indicated to vary in the two monsoons. In the northern part of Indonesia, all neighbouring countries were affected, especially those near the boundaries. In the southern part of Indonesia, most of the debris headed west towards the Indian Ocean. MD was mostly transported by the ocean currents and monsoonal wind and ended up in the coastal area. Some debris was also still floating in the open ocean after three months. This study concluded that marine litter not only polluted Indonesia water, but also the neighbouring countries.

Marine Debris is one of the spotlight issues of the world. The existence of marine debris can disrupt the ecosystem. Marine Debris carried by the current to coastal areas and accumulated along the coast. The study area of this research was on the coastline of TundaIsland, which located between Ban-ten and Lampung Provinces. These two provinces are part of two major islands of Indonesia, Java and Sumatra Island which have a high density of population. Household needs produce every day directly proportional to the population. This study is to record what types of garbage contained along the coast. There are 8 stations used in this study using International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) form with an area of 100 m2 collection at each station. From 800m2 area coverage, 1,234 items collected with 47 kg weight of debris and the density 0.072 kg/m2 with abundance 0.75 items/m2. This result suggests that household needs give the big proportion of debris such as Food wrapper, cigarettes butts, and foam pieces. In addition, the study indicates that there is a strong relation between human activities and spreading of debris.

Pulau Untung Jawa merupakan salah satu pulau pemukiman dan pulau destinasi wisata di Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Adanya aktivitas lalu lintas kapal, perbaikan kapal, dan proyek reklamasi pantai yang ada di Pulau Untung Jawa berpotensi mencemarkan air dan tanah disekitarnya sehingga menurunkan kualitas lingkungan di Pulau Untung Jawa. Penelitian mengenai kandungan logam berat timbal (Pb) dan kadmium (Cd) yang ada di air dan sedimen yang ada di Pulau Untung Jawa dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kandungan logam berat tersebut. Cemaran logam berat ini bisa mengontaminasi biota yang ada diperairan Untung Jawa dan akan berdampak berbahaya bagi manusia melalui biota melalui rantai makanan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada November 2019 di 4 (empat) stasiun yang merepresentasikan karakteristik pulau yaitu pulau wisata dan reklamasi pantai. Sampel dianalisis kandungan logam berat Pb dan Cd dengan menggunakan AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry). Hasil analisa kandungan Pb pada air berkisar 0,5122 – 0,6003 mg/L dan kandungan Cd pada air berkisar 0,0674 – 0,792 mg/L yang tergolong sudah melebihi baku mutu menurut Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 Tahun 2004. Hasil Pb pada sedimen berkisar antara 14,1176 – 24,1952 sehingga sudah melampaui batas aman dan kandungan Cd berkisar antara 1,968 – 2,760 mg/l mg/L melebihi baku mutu maksimal yang ditetapkan oleh ANZECC/ARMCANZ. Sumber cemaran logam berat Pb dan Cd di Pulau Untung Jawa ini bersumber dari kegiatan proyek reklamasi pantai yang berada di timur Pulau.

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