Environmental variability during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) derived from satellite imagery of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll a were investigated during 2010 to 2014. This study investigates how ocean climate variability of ENSO affects environmental conditions and further addresses their relations with Eastern Little Tuna catches. Changes in environmental conditions during ENSO events resulted in perceivable variations in catches, with an average catches of 839.6 t during El Niño. The La Niña event, with an average catches of 602.6 t was less favorable for catches. Major fishing location located around 3.22-6.59ºS and 108.20-109.67ºE could have been suggested as the most favorable environmental condition to Eastern Little Tuna catch in the North Indramayu waters, Java Sea.
Marine debris is one of the global issues and becomes a challenge for Indonesia as a maritime country. This research focuses on the characteristics of the one the estuaries in DKI Jakarta. The method used in this research by sampling the water at the mouth of the river by using the manta net at different depths and in tidal conditions. The results showed that the number of microplastic consists of 93 microplastic particles originating from the seven stations. The number of microplastic particles at low tide conditions is 112 particles. The results of microplastic counting obtained weight of 45.7 mg from the seven stations with high tide conditions on the surface. The maximum particle weight value of 16.2 mg found at station 1 in Muara Tiram. Based on the observations at each station, the size of the microplastic obtained range between 1mm to 5mm. The results of observing the characteristics of the forms in the research study have results including fragments, filaments, films, foams, and granules. The microplastics at the estuary come from the ocean and also from the river.
Microplastic is one of the pollutants that can contaminate marine biota even spread in sea waters and coastal substrate because of the sizes ranges to 10 μm - 2 mm. This pollutant is spread in marine waters and found in the area of Seribu Island, Pari Island Area, DKI Jakarta. This research aims to identify the amount of abundance, type, size, and color of microplastic that was found in sediment and shell samples. The research method used was a survey method and laboratory analysis. The method consists of three parts, namely field data collection, identification using a microscope, and describing the results of identification. All sediment and shell samples were identified as being contaminated with microplastics. Microplastic are found in fiber, fragment, and film type. That color found including black, yellow, red, blue, green, chocolate, and clear. The most dominant microplastic color is black and the most dominant microplastic size is the small size group. The highest microplastic abundance in sediment samples from 3 stations is found in samples taken by station 2 with an average of 43.67 particles. 100 g-1 of dry sediment and the most dominant type is the fiber type from all sediment samples. The most dominant type of mussels sample is fragment type and the average abundance of microplastics in the highest sample of mussels is worth 17.33 particles.ind-1.
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