In recent years there have been an increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies that show positive results regarding antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used in dentistry. These include applications in periodontics, endodontics, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria present as biofilms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a therapy based on the combination of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and appropriate wavelength visible light, which in the presence of oxygen is activated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induce a series of photochemical and biological events that cause irreversible damage leading to the death of microorganisms. Many light-absorbing dyes have been mentioned as potential PS for aPDT and different wavelengths have been tested. However, there is no consensus on a standard protocol yet. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize the results of research on aPDT in dentistry using the PubMed database focusing on recent studies of the effectiveness aPDT in decreasing microorganisms and microbial biofilms, and also to describe aPDT effects, mechanisms of action and applications.

This study examined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the attachment of Streptococcus mutans and the corrosion of cast commercially pure titanium, used in dental dentures. The sample discs were cast in commercially pure titanium using the vacuum-pressure machine (Rematitan System). The surfaces of each metal were ground and polished with sandpaper (#300-4000) and alumina paste (0.3 μm). The roughness of the surface (Ra) was measured using the Surfcorder rugosimeter SE 1700. Four coupons were inserted separately into Falcon tubes contained Mueller Hinton broth inoculated with S. mutans ATCC 25175 (10 9 cuf) and incubated at 37 °C. The culture medium was changed every three days during a 365-day period, after which the falcons were prepared for observations by SEM. The mean Ra value of CP Ti was 0.1527 μm. After S. mutans biofilm removal, pits of corrosion were observed. Despite the low roughness, S. mutans attachment and biofilm formation was observed, which induced a surface corrosion of the cast pure titanium.

<p>Infecção hospitalar é toda infecção adquirida durante a internação hospitalar, geralmente provocada pela própria microbiota humana, que se desequilibra com os mecanismos de defesa em decorrência da doença, dos procedimentos invasivos (soros, cateteres e cirurgias) e do contato com o ambiente hospitalar. Este estudo objetivou determinar a distribuição dos microrganismos encontrados nas grades dos leitos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva e a resistência a antimicrobianos no grupo de microrganismo de maior incidência. Realizado em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital público filantrópico no estado de São Paulo, na cidade de Araraquara, onze leitos foram submetidos à coleta em suas grades de proteção laterais. A maior prevalência foi do grupo <em>Staphylococcus </em>coagulase negativo (54,2%), <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(29,2%), seguido da classe de bacilos Gram-negativos (12,5%) e com menor incidência o gênero <em>Streptococcus sp.</em> (4,2%). Os <em>Staphylococcus </em>coagulase negativos isolados apresentaram 84,6% de resistência à clindamicina, 76,9% à eritromicina, 38,5% à cefoxetina, 38,5% ao norfloxacino, 30,8% à rifampicina, 23% ao levofloxacino, 7,7% à nitrofurantoína e todos os isolados exibiram sensibilidade à tetraciclina e à vancomicina. Eentre os patógenos isolados como causadores de infecção hospitalar neste estudo, destacou-se o grupo dos <em>Staphylococcus</em> coagulase negativo, que apresentou maior incidência e alto espectro de resistência, sendo um patógeno emergente causador de infecção hospitalar. </p>

Considerando o uso das praças públicas como recurso de lazer pela população, as quais mantêm um contato intenso e direto com o solo, que é uma fonte potencial de contaminação por diferentes agentes causadores de micose, visou-se identificar gêneros de fungos queratinofílicos geofílicos no solo de praças de Jaboticabal - SP. Foram selecionadas e coletadas 60 amostras de solo de 15 praças públicas, sendo 4 amostras de cada praça. Para isolar os fungos do solo, foi utilizado o método de Vanbreuseghem (1952), modificado por Machado (1977). Posteriormente os fungos foram cultivados em placas de Petri contendo Agar Sabouraud acrescido de Cloranfenicol, sendo estas incubadas em temperatura ambiente por aproximadamente dez dias. As colônias crescidas foram isoladas em tubos de ensaio para obtenção de cultura pura. Foram feitas análises macroscópicas e microscópicas das colônias isoladas, identificadas em nível de gênero com o auxílio de um guia de identificação. Das 60 amostras de solo coletadas, 39 apresentaram positividade para fungos queratinofílicos, das quais foram isoladas 90 colônias fúngicas, sendo identificados os gêneros Penicillium spp., Fonsecaea spp., Rhizopus spp., Microsporum spp., Fusarium spp., Phialophora spp., Aspergillus spp., Acremonium spp., Nigrospora spp., Trichoderma spp., Bipolaris spp., Aureobasidium spp., Curvularia spp., Mucor spp., além de Mycelia sterilia. Os resultados permitiram concluir que estes solos representam uma microbiota diversificada com capacidade de degradar substratos de queratina,permitindo uma avaliação do potencial epidemiológico representado pelos solos nas praças do Município de Jaboticabal-SP.

This study evaluated the efficiency of a toothbrush holder to prevent contamination of toothbrushes used by preschool children. For that, the sample was composed by children 6 years old, enrolled in an educational and recreational center in Araraquara/SP, and divided into 3 groups: G1: same continuing routine storage toothbrushes, G2: children received only a new toothbrush holder for storage; G3: they received new toothbrushes holder for storage and solution of chlorhexidine digluconate to 0.12% to dabble in the toothbrush after use. After brushing their teeth, toothbrushes were collected for microbiological analysis. The data were analyzed using the distribution of frequencies. It was observed that, in general, higher prevalence of the microorganism in the toothbrushes was Streptococcus viridans (58.97%), followed by Estafilococcus (35.90%), the bacillus of air (28.21%) and Neisseria mucosa (5.13%). Evaluating frequency, it was noted that the contamination presented by Streptococcus is higher in G1 when compared to G2 and G3, while for Estafilococcus, the presence was more significant in G3. Thus, it was concluded that the use of new toothbrushes holder able to avoid direct contact between brushes and allow drying without smothering could be an excellent alternative to educational institutions that require the storage group.