The essential oil from the rhizomes of Aframomum sceptrum (Zingiberaceae) was analyzed by GC/MS, and its major constituents were found to be β-pinene (12.7%), caryophyllene oxide (10.0%), and cyperene (6.0%). The oil was also evaluated for antimicrobial activities, in comparison with β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, and the leaf essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae). The A. sceptrum essential oil exhibited bacteriostatic activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S. aureus, but not against Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, it showed mild fungicidal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates, and remarkable antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (MLC of 1.51 μl/ml) and Trichomonas vaginalis (IC(50) of 0.12±0.02 and MLC of 1.72 μl/ml).
Two new unusual 6-furanoflavones, hoslunfuranine (5) and 5-O-methylhoslunfuranine (6), were isolated from the leaves of Hoslundia opposita Vahl.. Four known methylpyranoflavonic analogues [hosloppin (1), hoslundin (2), 5-O-methylhoslundin (3), oppositin (4)], all specific of the species, were also obtained. Their structures were established on the basis of their spectroscopic data. In vitro cytotoxic, trypanocidal, and leishmanicidal activities of compounds 1 and 3 to 6 were evaluated. Compounds 4 and 6 exhibited leishmanicidal potential in the micromolar range.
Two sterols namely β-sitosterol (1) and stigmasterol (2) were isolated from methanolic extract of the fruit barks of Coelocaryon klainei Pierre ex Heckel (Myristicaceae). They were isolated for the first time from this species. It is the first isolation of compounds in this genus Coelocaryon. The structures were elucidated on the basis of one and two-dimensional NMR, SM, IR and UV.Akoubet et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, August 2017, 6(9): 49-52http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue9/01.pdf
Four compounds were isolated from the leaves of Monodora brevipes Benth. (Annonaceae). Among them, one new natural indole named 5-formylindole (1) and three known aporphine alkaloids: (+)-roemeroline (2); (+)-corydine (3) and (+)-menispermine (4). They were isolated for the first time from this species. The structures of these compounds were established according to their spectral data (NMR, SM, IR and UV).Eric et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, June 2017, 6(7): 40-43http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue7/01.pdf
The seeds of Monodora tenuifolia Benth are used for the treatment of skin diseases. The roots are used against dysentery and toothache. Little work has been done on this species, and to our knowledge, no activity has been attributed to the leaves of this plant. In this paper, we have evaluated Leishmanicidal, Trypanocidal, anti-fungal and anti-helmintic activities in order to attribute therapeutic properties to the plants growing in Côte d'Ivoire. Hot and cold methanol extracts were obtained from M. tenuifolia. Two compounds namely (-)-xylopinidine ( 1) and (-)-N-methylarmeparvine (2) were isolated for the first time from the leaves of cold methanol extract of M. tenuifolia (Annonaceae). Their structures were established from the spectral data obtained (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; NMR, Mass Spectroscopy, MS, Infra-Red, IR and Ultra Violet Visible, UV Vis spectrocopies). Methanol extracts (hot and cold) and isolated compounds were screened against Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma brucei, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Caenorhabditis elegans. The cold and hot methanol extracts from M. tenuifolia, exerted the most significant activity against T. brucei (LC100: 12.5 mg/L, cold methanol extract) and (LC100: 25 mg/L, hot methanol extract). This is the first report on the anti-protozoal (antiparasitic), anti-fungal and anti-helmintic activities of these extracts and compounds. Our results review huge potentials for further studies of the cold extract for enhanced Trypanocidal activity.
The goal of this study is to evaluate the antistaphylococcal potential of ophthalmic ointment obtained from the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Cutaneous and ocular tolerances of methanolic extract of O. gratissimum leaves were evaluated according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 404 and 405 Guidelines. Gentamicin ophthalmic ointment 0.3 % was used as antibiotic reference. In vivo antibacterial activity evaluation of the phytomedicine was carried out in rabbits infected by S. aureus CIP 4.83. During 15 days, three groups of 6 animals were treated as follows: the excipient (vaseline + liquid paraffin), gentamicin ointment and Ocimum gratissimum ophthalmic ointment (OGO). 0, 5% Good cutaneous and ocular tolerances of methanolic extract were observed. The microbial contamination control carried out on the 5th and 240th days showed that the prepared formulation is consistent with the preparation of cleanliness standards for topical application to the European Pharmacopoeia. The subconjunctival injection of S. aureus suspension caused mucopurulent acute keratoconjunctivitis with edema, and sometimes eyelid erythema. It is therefore on these ocular observations that therapeutic efficacy of the phytomedicine was evaluated. The treated rabbits without anti-infective agent have developed leucoma, eyelids swelling and conjunctiva hyperemia. Only one panophthalmitis case was observed. From the 1st to 5th days, we observed significant and gradual regression on ocular damages in animals treated with gentamicin. On the 15th day, the eye became normal; the rabbits showed no lesion on cornea. The batch treated with OGO is experiencing a similar trend. The in vivo therapeutic activity of the OGO was similar to that of gentamicin.
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