The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between Organizational Inertia, Customer Orientation, Incremental Innovation and Organizational Performance. The sample used in this study were 180 MSME companies spread across East Java. The reason MSMEs are used in this study is related to the concept of organizational inertia that is attached to small-scale companies. From this study it was found that incremental innovation is not a mediating variable that links organizational inertia and customer orientation with organizational performance.
Agency theory occurs when shareholders recruit a manager to manage the company. Both shareholders and managers tend to work in their best interests. The free cash flow hypothesis states that managers tend to use internal funds to invest in an unprofitable project rather than pay a dividend to shareholders. This research investigates whether internal fund available creates trouble (agency conflict) that can reduce the firm value in Indonesia's company by examining the relationship of operating cash flow as the source of internal funds to firm value through investment decision and dividend policy. The research object is the consumer non-cyclical sector listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015-to 2019. The purposive sampling technique selects forty-seven companies. Panel data was analyzed using two stages least square (2SLS). This research finds that operating cash flow positively affects firm value. Nonetheless, operating cash flow does not affect firm value through investment decisions and dividend policy in Indonesia.
Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study aims to compare the performance of meanvariance and single-index models in creating the optimal portfolio. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study creates optimal portfolios using the mean-variance and single-index models with daily stock return data of 38 companies listed on the LQ45 index, IDX Composite index and Bank Indonesia’s 7-Day (Reverse) Repo Rate from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2019. The two models are compared using the Sharpe ratio. Research findings: The result shows that the single-index model dominates the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX), more so than the meanvariance model. BBCA has the highest proportion for both mean-variance and single-index portfolios. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study compares two popular portfolio models in the Indonesian stock market. Practitioner/Policy implication: This study helps investors to create optimal portfolios using a model that is more suited to the IDX. Research limitation/Implication: This study creates the optimal portfolio without differentiating risk preferences (i.e., risk averse, risk moderate and risk taker). In addition, this research only uses daily return data and does not compare it with weekly and monthly data.
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