The integrated monitoring system of water quality is eminently reliant on water quality trend data. This study aims to obtain water quality patterns related to land-use change over a periodic observation in the Opak sub-watershed, Indonesia, both from a seasonal and spatial point of view. Landsat image data from 2013 to 2020 and water quality data comprising 25 parameters were compiled and analyzed. This study observed that land use remarkably correlated to water quality, especially the building area representing the dense population and various anthropogenic activities, to pollute the water sources. Three types of pollutant sources were identified using principal component analysis (PCA), including domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities, which all influenced the variance in river water quality. The use of spatiotemporal-based and multivariate analysis was to interpret water quality trend data, which can help the stakeholders to monitor pollution and take control in the Opak sub-watershed. The results investigated 17 out of 25 water quality parameters, which showed an increasing trend from upstream to downstream during the observation time. The concentration of biological oxygen demand over five days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite, sulfide, phenol, phosphate, oil and grease, lead, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and total coli, surpassed the water quality standard through spatial analysis.

Groundwater is a pivotal resource to supply clean and drinking water besides surface water. In Indonesia, there are various issues regarding groundwater quality and quantity. By increasing population growth has an impact on groundwater quality, such as generated pathogen contamination. To prevent groundwater pollution was used sanitation facilities were called communal WWTPs. Unfortunately, most WWTPs were not performing optimal, and some had already stopped operating. This study aimed to display groundwater quality using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) for 2018 to 2019 in the Sleman Region of Yogyakarta Province. The spatial analysis was completed by observation and interview methods. The total coliform number was measured from 29 monitoring wells. The results explained that compared to 2018, groundwater quality in 2019 showed a decrease in contamination by pathogenic bacteria. Groundwater flows also shown the spread of contamination from north to the south area. The distance between monitoring well and septic tank or WWTPs outlet, depth, and the physical condition were substantial factors for spreading the contamination.

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This study aimed to assess utilization of fertilizers as nutrient in the anaerobic reactor. Nutrient is one important characteristic of waste for the treatment. Nutrient is required for the growth and reproduction process of microorganisms which involved in the anaerobic process. The wastewater used in this research is tofu wastewater. Gandasil B fertilizer has N 6 mg/l and P 20 mg/l. While for Gandasil D fertilizer has N 20 mg/l and P 15mg/l. Anaerobic reactor has 1000 ml of capacity which contain 600 ml of wastewater, 100 ml of liquid fertilizer, and 300 ml of space blank. Anerobic reactor observed for 14 days with 5 observed parameters.

Background: This study focuses on identifying non-technical aspects that influence the sustainability of communal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in a peri-urban area of Indonesia. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted by random sampling using a method of descriptive analysis that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. Economic support for communal WWTPs was measured by the community’s Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Ability to Pay (ATP). Results: The results indicate that social dimension, such as a community’s level of participation are critically important in sustaining communal WWTPs. In addition, institutional dimension influences the degree of satisfaction a community has toward the WWTP management. This support is reinforced by social capital in the form of a philosophy of mutual cooperation, like gotong royong (cooperation by members of a community to achieve a common goal) and swadaya (self-reliance). Conclusions: The findings of this study can be used in Indonesia to make policy recommendations for managing and ensuring sustainability of communal WWTPs on a non-technical dimension. Additionally, gotong royong deserves to be promoted internationally as a fundamental value for fostering participation and contribution.

<p><strong>Aim:</strong> This study aims to assess the entire process of septage management comprising regulation, operational procedures, finance, community involvement, and water quality analysis to maximize the initial and hugest human fecal sludge treatment called Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (IPLT) in Yogyakarta. <strong>Methodology and Results:</strong> The Modified EHRA (Environmental Health Risk Assessment) method was applied which focused only on wastewater treatment aspect. Several regulations including standard quality methods (SNI) were utilized and made a comparison between baseline rules and obtained results. Furthermore, quality assessment was accomplished by observation and interview. The results showed that the human sector needs to improve not only the amount of operators but also urgently put up protective personal equipment during the suction process. The dissemination of attractive information about sludge suction service done by PUPKP as a representation of the local government among the dwellers ought to upgrade a lot. Technologies employed which are carriage transportation and vacuum machine, are good enough. Contrarily, septage treatment plants require extra-effort to enhance it as most water quality parameters barely meet the standard quality. BOD, COD, ammonia, total coliform, oil and grease do not meet the third class of water quality (Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia No. 82/2001). Subsequently, the effectiveness of each unit i.e. anaerobic tank and stabilization ponds are under 50% and the loading rate has a maximum capacity of 87.5m³/day, and 60m³/day minimum capacity. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact of study:</strong> Therefore, almost all aspects of septage management in Bantul Yogyakarta are required to improve</p>

The Special Region of Yogyakarta is one of the provinces in Indonesia with a large number of communal wastewater treatment plants (CWWTPs). However, less than 40% of CWWTPS in the province are able to be operated well. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of CWWTPs concerning the quality of the surrounding groundwater. The research location was in Mlati, one of three sub-districts with the highest number of CWWTPs and highest population density in the province. Technical data were analyzed in a laboratory, including water quality of CWWTPs and groundwater quality. This study also analyzed non-technical data related to CWWTP management. These data were collected through in-depth interviews with CWWTP managers and users. The data were analyzed systematically, not only quantitatively but qualitatively. The distribution of water quality from CWWTP treatment and groundwater was mapped using inverse distance weighting (IDW). The results show that the CWWTP effluent meets quality standards for pH, temperature, COD, oil and grease, and ammonia. However, some CWWTPs fail to meet the quality standards for the TSS and E. coli parameters. Groundwater has an acidic pH, with ammonia, nitrite, and zinc parameters meeting quality standards, but oil and grease, COD, nitrate, and Pb concentrations exceed quality standards in several wells. This study indicates that the presence of CWWTPs is not correlated with the quality of groundwater due to the inefficiency of the CWWTPs, the unmet coverage area, and the conditions of sanitation facilities at the location.