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Fraternity membership is often associated with the alcohol consumption of college men. Theoretical models and prior research suggest that the drinking behaviors of fraternity men are associated with the collective masculine norm climates of fraternity chapters; however, scholars have not addressed the mechanisms by which certain collective fraternity chapter masculine norm climates relate to members' drinking. Other studies have found relationships between specific individual masculine norms and alcohol consumption, but none have accounted for these collective climates. The study utilized hierarchical linear modeling to examine if collective fraternity chapter traditional masculine norm climates and individual masculine norm differences within chapters predicted members' alcohol consumption in a sample of 2,678 undergraduate men from 76 colleges or universities. Public Significance StatementCollective fraternity chapter traditional masculine norm climates may exacerbate the hazardous alcohol consumption behaviors of fraternity men. Collective Heterosexual Presentation climate was found to have a statistically significant positive relationship with the alcohol consumption of fraternity men.

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Using structural equation modeling, we examined if experiencing racialized aggressions on social media affects the mental health of students of Color (n = 692). We also examined the relationships between these experiences and ethnic identity, campus interactions, sense of belonging, campus climate, and mental health. Findings suggest that experiencing racialized aggressions on social media is positively related to an increase in mental health issues, while sense of belonging is negatively related to mental health issues.Acts of racial hostility have heightened students' of Color susceptibility to hate crimes and racism on campus and on social media. In the months since the COVID-19 outbreak, students of Color have been subjected to hate-filled Zoombombs and xenophobia on social media (Dill, 2020;Redden, 2020). Research suggests that perceptions of racial discrimination from microaggressions or other racialized assaults may lower self-esteem and produce anxiety in college students of Color (Nadal et al., 2014;Wong-Padoongpatt et al., 2017). Data show small but growing trends in overall college student mental health issues such as self-esteem, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, family distress, and academic distress (Xiao et al., 2017). In particular, students of Color now report higher levels of depression, academic distress, and hostility than in the past (Center for Collegiate Mental Health, 2014). Researchers have called for richer and broader investigations of mental health issues among college students of Color to address their mental health needs (Iacovino & James, 2016;Sanchez & Awad, 2016).Prior studies established that students from minoritized racial and ethnic groups reported experiences with racial discrimination, microaggressions, and stereotypes at predominantly White institutions (PWIs) (

Scholars have identified that openness to diversity is a vital student outcome for higher education. Interest in this outcome has only intensified in recent years because of increased attention to, and unrest related to, social injustices. Using longitudinal data from 3420 undergraduate members of historically white college men's social fraternities located at 134 higher education institutions in the United States, this study examined factors that influenced the development of openness to diversity and change (ODC) amongst fraternity members from the 2019-2020 to 2020-2021 academic years. Our findings revealed that individual and institutional-level political and social involvement, and individual and institutional-level conceptualizations of fraternal brotherhood (e.g., brotherhood based on belonging) were associated with ODC during the 2020-2021 academic year. Though historically white college men's fraternities have often perpetuated exclusionary environments both in historical and contemporary times, the study results suggest that political and social involvement and participation in fraternities that emphasize belonging and accountability may contribute to college men's ODC. We urge scholars and practitioners to have more nuanced understandings of fraternities, while simultaneously challenging fraternities to put their values into actions and to deconstruct the legacies of exclusion that exist within these organizations.

Relying on data collected from a single historically White college social men's fraternity (N = 2,691) represented at 77 higher education institutions in the United States and Canada, we utilized multilevel modeling to explore if collective chapter traditional masculine norm climates, as well as individual masculinity norm conformity, predicted the variance of members' endorsement of minimization, solidarity, survivor-blaming, and survivor support sexual assault attitudes. We also examined if these attitudes varied significantly between fraternity chapters. The findings indicate masculine norm climates and individual masculine norm conformity predict these attitudes. In addition, the results suggest that sexual assault attitudes vary between fraternity chapters. Public Significance StatementSexual assault attitudes of fraternity men may vary between fraternity chapters. The collective power over women chapter climates of fraternity chapters was positively associated with attitudes that minimize sexual assault and blame survivors and negatively associated with survivor support.

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