Fraternities as settings for sexual assault: The relationships of traditional masculine norms climates and sexual assault attitudes.

McCready, Adam M.; Schutts, Joshua W.; McCreary, Gentry

doi:10.1037/men0000375

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Finally, as noted by others who have examined other outcomes of fraternity men (e.g., McCready et al, 2022), our findings indicate that monolithic strategies to foster ODC among men in historically white fraternities will likely be ineffective. As such, outright bans or prohibitions may do more harm than good, as these approaches eliminate historically white fraternities that promote ODC through their brotherhood, and commitment to political and social involvement, and other fraternities that center students with minoritized identities (e.g., historically Black fraternities).…”

Section: Practicesupporting

confidence: 76%

Will Anything Change? Examining Historically White Fraternity Members’ Development of Openness to Diversity in Contemporary Times

2023

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Scholars have identified that openness to diversity is a vital student outcome for higher education. Interest in this outcome has only intensified in recent years because of increased attention to, and unrest related to, social injustices. Using longitudinal data from 3420 undergraduate members of historically white college men's social fraternities located at 134 higher education institutions in the United States, this study examined factors that influenced the development of openness to diversity and change (ODC) amongst fraternity members from the 2019-2020 to 2020-2021 academic years. Our findings revealed that individual and institutional-level political and social involvement, and individual and institutional-level conceptualizations of fraternal brotherhood (e.g., brotherhood based on belonging) were associated with ODC during the 2020-2021 academic year. Though historically white college men's fraternities have often perpetuated exclusionary environments both in historical and contemporary times, the study results suggest that political and social involvement and participation in fraternities that emphasize belonging and accountability may contribute to college men's ODC. We urge scholars and practitioners to have more nuanced understandings of fraternities, while simultaneously challenging fraternities to put their values into actions and to deconstruct the legacies of exclusion that exist within these organizations.

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Section: Practicesupporting

confidence: 76%

Will Anything Change? Examining Historically White Fraternity Members’ Development of Openness to Diversity in Contemporary Times

2023

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“…Second, we foreground the value of interrogating the role of the culture—including U.S. masculine norms and college campus cultural norms—that influences U.S. college men’s perpetration of sexual aggression (McCready et al, 2022; McDermott et al, 2015; Wong et al, 2020). In this regard, some characteristics of U.S. college campus culture contribute to sexual aggression.…”

Section: Metatheoretical Perspectives On the Application Of Social No...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social norms: Implications for the prevention of male college students’ perpetration of sexual aggression.

Wong,

Peterson,

Hoffacker

et al. 2024

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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“…Social norms in all-male peer groups often labeled "locker room talk" can involve men engaging in sexual storytelling, exaggerating, competing, or attempting to "one up" each other to increase social status (Flood, 2008;Kilmartin & Berkowitz, 2005). Concerningly, membership in all-male peer groups, such as fraternities, has been associated with rape myth acceptance, perceived peer sexual assault, and future sexual aggression (McCready et al, 2022;Seabrook & Ward, 2019;Treat et al, 2021). These patterns are not exclusive to fraternities, however, as meta-analyses have linked rape myth acceptance to all-male groups of athletes as well (Murnen & Kohlman, 2007).…”

Section: Peer Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and initial validation of the Masculine Sexual Entitlement Norms Scale.

Raines¹,

Lindley²,

Budge³

2023

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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The present study sought to develop and validate the Masculine Sexual Entitlement Norms (MSEN) Scale. Following scale development best practices, a thorough review of the literature and existing measures was conducted. Next, the construct was operationalized with six hypothesized subscales. Items were developed with input from content experts (N = 9) and focus groups of undergraduate men (N = 9). The initial 90 items (i.e., the MSEN90) were administered to a preliminary sample (N = 281) of undergraduate men. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure (i.e., Prioritizing Sexual Needs of Self, Peer Norms, Sexual Deception, Gender Essentialism, and Minimization of Men's Sexual Behavior). Item analysis yielded a 40-item five-factor survey (MSEN40) that was administered to a second sample (N = 210) of undergraduate men. A confirmatory factor analysis indicated inadequate fit for the 40-item scale; however, fit was improved by reducing scale length to 25 items loading onto one global scale (MSEN25). Internal consistency reliability, construct validity, group differences, and the instrument's ability to predict selfreported sexual violence were explored with this sample. The MSEN25 demonstrated strong correlations with related measures (e.g., Sexual Narcissism Scale, Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form) and an absence of correlation with unrelated constructs. Additionally, across both samples, the MSEN25 demonstrated adequate internal consistency for the scale overall (α = .90 and .90) and for the five-item subscales (i.e., α's ranged = .71-.82). Future directions and implications for the measure are discussed. Public Significance StatementDynamics related to sex and masculinity are receiving increasing public and scholarly attention as instances of abuse and violence are more widely acknowledged. The present study identifies an understudied construct-masculine sexual entitlement (MSE)-and provides a framework to target research, clinical, and violence prevention applications of attitudes and behaviors that involve MSE.

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Fraternities as settings for sexual assault: The relationships of traditional masculine norms climates and sexual assault attitudes.

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Will Anything Change? Examining Historically White Fraternity Members’ Development of Openness to Diversity in Contemporary Times

Will Anything Change? Examining Historically White Fraternity Members’ Development of Openness to Diversity in Contemporary Times

Social norms: Implications for the prevention of male college students’ perpetration of sexual aggression.

Development and initial validation of the Masculine Sexual Entitlement Norms Scale.

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