The prevalence of patients hospitalized in ICUs with COVID-19 and co-infected by pathogenic bacteria is relevant in this study, considering the integrality of treatment. This systematic review assesses the prevalence of co-infection in patients admitted to ICUs with SARS-CoV-2 infection, using the PRISMA guidelines. We examined the results of the PubMed, Embase, and SciELO databases, searching for published English literature from December 2019 to December 2021. A total of 542 rec ords were identified, but only 38 were eligible and, and of these only 10 were included. The tabulated studies represented a sample group of 1394 co-infected patients. In total, 35%/138 of the patients were co-infected with Enterobacter spp., 27% (17/63) were co-infected with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococ cus aureus, 21% (84/404) were co-infected with Klebsiella spp., 16% (47/678) of patients were co-infected with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 13% (10/80) co-infected with Escherichia coli (ESBL), and 3% (30/1030) of patients were co-infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most common co-infections were related to blood flow; although in the urinary and respiratory tracts of patients Streptococcus pneumoniae was found in 57% (12/21) of patients, coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 44% (7/16) of patients, and Escherichia coli was found in 37% (11/29) of patients. The present research demonstrated that co-infections caused by bacteria in patients with COVID-19 are a concern.

A serious emerging problem worldwide is increased antimicrobial resistance. Acquisition of coding genes for evasion methods of antimicrobial drug mechanisms characterizes acquired resistance. This phenomenon has been observed in Enterobacteriaceae family. Treatment for bacterial infections is performed with antibiotics, of which the most used are beta-lactams. The aim of this study was to correlate antimicrobial resistance profiles in Enterobacteriaceae by phenotypic methods and molecular identification of 14 beta-lactamase coding genes. In this study, 70 exclusive isolates from Brazil were used, half of which were collected in veterinary clinics or hospitals Phenotypic methodologies were used and real-time PCR was the molecular methodology used, through the Sybr Green system. Regargding the results found in the tests it was observed that 74.28% were resistant to ampicillin, 62.85% were resistant to amoxicillin associated with clavalunate. The mechanism of resistance that presented the highest expression was ESBL (17.14%). The genes studied that were detected in a greater number of species were blaGIM and blaSIM (66.66% of the samples) and the one that was amplified in a smaller number of samples was blaVIM (16.66%). Therefore, high and worrying levels of antimicrobial resistance have been found in enterobacteria, and a way to minimize the accelerated emergence of their resistance includes developing or improving techniques that generate diagnoses with high efficiency and speed.

The main pathogens of severe respiratory infection in children are respiratory viruses, and the current molecular technology allows for a rapid and simultaneous detection of a wide spectrum of these viral pathogens, facilitating the diagnosis and evaluation of viral coinfection. Methods: This study was conducted between March 2020 and December 2021. All children admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of SARI and who were tested by polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory viral pathogens were included in the study. Results: The result of the viral panel identified 446 children, with one infected with a single virus and 160 co-infected with two or more viruses. This study employed descriptive analyses, where a total of twenty-two coinfections among SARI-causing viruses were identified. Thus, the five most frequent coinfections that were selected for the study are: hRV/SARS-CoV-2 (17.91%), hRV/RSV (14.18%), RSV/SARS-CoV-2 (12.69%), hRV/BoV (10.45%), and hRV/AdV (8.21%). The most significant age group was 38.1%, representing patients aged between 24 and 59 months (61 individuals). Patients older than 59 months represented a total of 27.5%, comprising forty-four patients. The use of oxygen therapy was statistically significant in coinfections with Bocavirus, other CoVs, Metapneumovirus, and RSV. Coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 and the other different coinfections presented a similar time of use of oxygen therapy with a value of (p > 0.05). In the year 2020, hRV/BoV was more frequent in relation to other types of coinfections, representing a total of 35.1%. The year 2021 presented a divergent profile, with hRV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection being the most frequent (30.8%), followed by hRV/RSV (28.2%). Additionally, 25.6% and 15.4% represented coinfections between RSV/SARS-CoV-2 and hRV/AdV, respectively. We saw that two of the patients coinfected with hRV/SARS-CoV-2 died, representing 9.52% of all deaths in the study. In addition, both hRV/hBoV and hRV/RSV had death records for each case, representing 8.33% and 6.67% of all deaths, respectively. Conclusion: Coinfections with respiratory viruses, such as RSV and hBoV, can increase the severity of the disease in children with SARI who are admitted to the ICU, and children infected with SARS-CoV-2 have their clinical condition worsened when they have comorbidities.

The implementation of natural parks in cities is a current and controversial theme. Therefore, in Lake Buritis, which is a leisure area for the population of the city of Goiatuba, Goiás, Brazil, the quality of the water was analyzed, carrying out quantitative tests of the water samples at six different points between the source and the outlet of the lake that flows into the stream, Chico À Toa. Physical–chemical tests (turbidity, pH, alkalinity, electrical conductivity, color, nitrate and hardness parameters), microbiological tests for species identification, analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile, metals analysis and Allium cepa test, were performed. The total coliforms number in water samples was higher than the maximum value established by Brazilian legislation, demonstrating high fecal contamination during the spring in samples from an artesian well. The bacterial diversity found was large and there were many pathogenic bacteria. The A. cepa test demonstrated a cytotoxic potential for water from the source and outlet of Buritis Lake. Statistical tests were applied to verify existing correlations between parameters. Among the analyzed data, the highest correlation was between the color and turbidity parameters and the grouping between the metals (lead, iron, cadmium and magnesium).

Background: A serious emerging problem worldwide is increased antimicrobial resistance. Acquisition of coding genes for evasion methods of antimicrobial drug mechanisms characterizes acquired resistance. This phenomenon has been observed in several bacteria, including major species of Gram-negative bacteria such as the Enterobacteriaceae family. Among these, strains resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics were observed. Treatment for bacterial infections is performed with antibiotics and among the most used beta-lactams stand out. Resistance to this class of antimicrobials has also increased. The aim of this study was to correlate antimicrobial resistance profiles in Enterobacteriaceae by phenotypic methods and molecular identification of 14 beta-lactamase coding genes: blaOXA; blaIMP; blaNDM; blaSME; blaDHA; blaCMY, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaSPM, blaCTX-M, blaVIM, blaSIM, blaGIM, and blaSHV. Methods: The phenotypic methodologies used were the Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test for Disk-Diffusion, and complementary tests for the detection of resistance mechanisms of beta-lactamases (ESBL, MBL, AmpC and Carbapenemase). The molecular methodology used was Real Time PCR using the Sybr Green system. Results: Among the results found in the tests it was observed that 74.28% were resistant to ampicillin, 34.28% were resistant to aztreonam, 62.85% were resistant to amoxicillin associated with clavalunate, 51.42% were resistant to ceftazidime, 41.42% were resistant to cefoxitin, 54.28% were resistant to cefazolin, 44.28% were resistant to cefepime, 41.42% were resistant to cefuroxime, 8.57% were resistant to cefuroxime, 35.71% were resistant an imipenem and 41.42% were resistant to piperacillin associated with tazobactam. Among the total samples, the mechanism of resistance that presented the highest expression was ESBL (17.14%). The genes studied that were detected in a greater number of species were blaGIM and blaSIM (66.66% of the samples). The gene that was amplified in a smaller number of samples was blaVIM (16.66%). Conclusions: It is concluded that although there is a low correlation between the methodologies analyzed, the levels of antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteria are high and worrying, and a way to minimize the accelerated emergence of resistance includes the development or improvement of techniques that generate diagnoses with high efficiency and speed.

The advent of the concept of interdisciplinarity arose from the need to update traditional curricula in view of the complexity of health problems and the search for training professionals with a more global vision and a reflective attitude, less fragmented and biological, resulting in the correlation between the disciplines as an important tool in current healthcare education. The aim of the study is to present an update on the importance of interdisciplinarity in the curricular formation of health education and its applicability in the context of health work. A literature review was carried out in the Scielo, Lilacs and PUBMED/Medline databases, between January 2016 and April 2021 with the keywords interdisciplinarity, education and health. 77 publications related to the keywords were identified. Of these, 23 were considered relevant to the scope of the study. The publications show successful examples of the implementation of interdisciplinarity as a curricular model tool in healthcare courses and between different courses in this area (interprofessionality), cases of educational institutions that have already used it for a long time in their curricula and discuss the challenges to its implementation and its benefits to the professional egress and to the society that receives their service. It is necessary to implement interdisciplinarity in the curricula of health schools so that we can train professionals who have a more global and reflective vision for patients and society.

Introduction-Low back pain affects all age groups and through surgical procedures or conservative treatments, the effects caused are reduced, usually assessed by the Oswestry questionnaire. Objective-. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the decrease in disability after surgical and conservative intervention, using the Oswestry Disability Index. Methods-This is a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching the databases: PubMed, SciELO and LILACS. Articles that provided data on the Oswestry deficiency index were considered, with a randomized methodology after surgical and conservative intervention in low back pain at 12 and 24 months of intervention. After tabulation of the data according to the PRISMA protocol, the test was performed to determine the difference between the means. Statistical analyzes were performed using the STATA ® 16.0 software. Results-There was an average reduction of 15 points in the Oswestry questionnaire, after conservative treatment in 12 months and after 24 months, the average reduction was approximately 12 points. Surgical intervention, when compared to therapy, was superior with an average difference of approximately 15 points after 12 months and an average difference of 15 points after 24 months. Conclusion-The approach chosen despite the results needs to be assessed according to the condition of each patient. Surgical treatment, even with better results, presents risks of surgical complications that cannot be omitted. In conservative treatment, it is necessary to check the patient's response to treatment, so as not to prolong the individual's time of disability and pain.

BackgroundThe antiseptic solutions most used by Eye bank or in ophthalmologic surgeries are polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine and gluconate of chlorhexidine. Objetives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiseptic effect in the reduction of ocular globe microbiota from corneal donors, as well as to analyze the susceptibility of the microbiota to gentamicin. MethodsThirty pairs of corneas received antiseptics, with Povidone-iodine in the right eye and gluconate of chlorhexidine in the left eye, and for each time of action (5, 10 and 15 minutes), totalling three groups, and using 10 pairs of eyeballs to each group. Swabs were collected from the ocular surface prior to application of the solutions, after and at the time of preservation of the corneal tissue. After identification of the microbiota, an antibiogram test with gentamicin was performed. ResultsRegarding the data obtained in the second group, after the use of antiseptics, there was a reduction of 40% in the total of gram positive bacteria and a reduction of 75.9% to gram negative bacteria, the results shows that in the second group, both antiseptics were more effective to Gram negative bacteria. The third group results show the residual effect of antiseptics and there was a reduction of 99.1% of all micro-organisms. To the antibiogram test, 88% of the microorganisms isolated, were sensitive to gentamicin. ConclusionWas observed that using the tested concentration to each antissepetic, there are no action differences to descontamination between the two products, there was not differences between the action time too. Key-words: eye bank, enucleation, povidone-iodine, gluconate of chlorhexidine, transplantation.