Rheumatic fever is still currently a prevalent disease, especially in developing countries. Triggered by a Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus infection, the disease may affect genetically predisposed patients. Rheumatic carditis is the most important of its clinical manifestations, which can generate incapacitating sequelae of great impact for the individual and for society. Currently, its diagnosis is made based on the Jones criteria, established in 1992 by the American Heart Association. In 2015, the AHA carried out a significant review of these criteria, with new diagnostic parameters and recommendations. In the present study, the authors perform a critical analysis of this new review, emphasizing the most relevant points for clinical practice.
Abstract. Wine branding is a series of complex marketing propositions intended to sell wine as a 'brand' -a product marketed much more thanks to its individual name and image rather than to its original quality. Wine brands can be basically divided in two distinct groups: some have called them 'benign' (a.k.a 'historic' or 'classical' -as for Champagne and the Bordeaux châteaux, for ex.) and 'modern' brands. 'Modern' wine brands are usually built upon a base of elastic supply (to maintain consistency) and planned promotion, most are owned big multinational companies, are standardized and aimed at the international market taste and a determined price level, lacking in diversity and terroir tipicity. In this study, the author describes how these 'modern brands' are structured and what are their marketing tools, run through examples of successful wine brands, and describe about their ads and cons for international consumers.
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