Highlights  Novel biocomposite powder was simply prepared from Reed plant.  Ciprofloxacin and methylene blue were first time simultaneously removed.  Operating parameters were optimized by CCD-RSM methodology.  Kinetic and isotherm models were studied using Brouers-Sotolongo family equations.  Biosorption mechanisms were discussed.

International audienc

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Almond shell is a food waste that is utilized as bioadsorbent for the uptake of Eriochrome Black T (EBT) and Malachite Green (MG) dyes from aqueous solutions. The biomaterial was characterized by specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The effects of the initial pH of solutions, particle size, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on the EBT and MG adsorption were studied using batch contact mode at 22°C. Rapid sorption dynamics following a second-order kinetic model were shown by kinetic studies. The adsorption equilibrium data were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm for EBT and MG as anionic and cationic dyes, respectively. The adsorption of pollutants was exothermic (DH 0 = -1.7 kJ mol -1 for EBT and -32 kJ mol -1 for MG). The reaction was accompanied by a decrease in entropy (DS 0 \ 0 for EBT and MG). Negative values of DG 0 showed the spontaneity of the MG adsorption process. However, positive values of DG 0 showed that the EBT uptake by almond shell is not a spontaneous reaction. The results indicate that almond shell is a promising alternative for the biosorption of anionic (EBT) and cationic (MG) dyes from aqueous solutions.

Combinations of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) with other scanning probe microscopy techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), show great promise for directing localized modification, which is of great interest for chemical, biochemical and technical applications. Herein, an atomic force scanning electrochemical microscope is used as a new electrochemical lithographic tool (L-AFM-SECM) to locally electrograft, with submicrometer resolution, a non-conducting organic coating on a conducting substrate.

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