1b.

No abstract

The CSLM detection of biofilms in CRS patients and their absence in controls further supports the hypothesis that biofilms may play a role in the pathogenesis of CRS. This study's lower reported incidence of biofilms compared with that of previous studies might reflect the increased accuracy of biofilm detection with CSLM.

This study provides benchmarking values for the time course of the frontal ostium area after EMLP for normal wound healing and increased stenosis. On the basis of our results, patients with a higher risk for developing restenosis and of having revision surgery can be identified preoperatively and during the early postoperative period to facilitate special postoperative care.

Under conditions of balanced circulatory parameter, equal blood loss and endoscopic vision can be achieved with both tested anesthetic regimens. During extended operations demonstrated thrombocyte impairment by propofol may become clinically relevant.

In the sheep model of chronic sinusitis, CD significantly improves microscopic wound healing and reduces adhesion formation after ESS.

Topical application of TA is effective in achieving hemostasis and improving the surgical field. In contrast to EACA, TA is a valuable tool in ESS that merits additional evaluation.

Standardized video-endoscopy has been demonstrated to significantly improve reliability and reproducibility of results and is recommended for future work evaluating bleeding in ESS. The new Wormald grading scale has been shown to be an inexpensive, reliable, and sensitive tool to rapidly evaluate intraoperative bleeding in ESS. It overcomes several limitations of the Boezaart scale, enabling us to analyze currently employed and newly developed hemostatic methods and agents.