is the official Journal of the European and International Rhinologic Societies and appears quarterly in March, June, September and December. Cited in Pubmed, Current Contents, Index Medicus, Exerpta Medica and Embase Founded in 1963 by H.A.E. van Dishoeck, Rhinology is a worldwide non-profit making journal. The journal publishes original papers on basic research as well as clinical studies in the major field of rhinology, including physiology, diagnostics, pathology, immunology, medical therapy and surgery of both the nose and paranasal sinuses. Review articles and short communications are also pulished. All papers are peer-reviewed. Letters-to-the-editor provide a forum for comments on published papers, and are not subject to editorial revision except for correction of English language.In-depth studies that are too long to be included into a regular issue can be published as a supplement. Supple ments are not subject to peer-review.

1b.

Background and study aims: Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) in the lower gastrointestinal tract may be a valuable therapeutic and diagnostic approach for a variety of indications. Although feasibility of EFTR has been demonstrated, there is a lack of safe and effective endoscopic devices for routine use. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a novel over-the-scope device for colorectal EFTR. Patients and methods: Between July 2012 and July 2014, 25 patients underwent EFTR at two tertiary referral centers. All resections were performed using the full-thickness resection device (FTRD; Ovesco Endoscopy, T?bingen, Germany). Data were collected retrospectively. Results: Indications for EFTR were: recurrent or incompletely resected adenoma with nonlifting sign (n?=?11), untreated adenoma and nonlifting sign (n?=?2), adenoma involving the appendix (n?=?5), flat adenoma in a patient with coagulopathy (n?=?1), diagnostic re-resection after incomplete resection of a T1 carcinoma (n?=?2), adenoma involving a diverticulum (n?=?1), submucosal tumor (n?=?2), and diagnostic resection in a patient with suspected Hirschsprung?s disease (n?=?1). In one patient, the lesion could not be reached because of a sigmoid stenosis. In the other patients, resection of the lesion was macroscopically complete and en bloc in 20/24 patients (83.3?%). The mean diameter of the resection specimen was 24?mm (range 12???40?mm). The R0 resection rate was 75.0?% (18/24), and full-thickness resection was histologically confirmed in 87.5?%. No perforations or major bleeding were observed during or after resection. Two patients developed postpolypectomy syndrome, which was managed with antibiotic therapy. Conclusions: Full-thickness resection in the lower gastrointestinal tract with the novel FTRD was feasible and effective. Prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the device and technique.

The leading complaints within the symptom profile of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis are airway obstruction and postnasal drip. The restriction of quality of life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis is mainly caused by these symptoms, which can be improved in excellent fashion by functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the majority of patients, achieving better quality of life in the long term.

Results of the present investigation indicate that the assessment of retronasal olfactory function is possible using oral stimulus presentation.