Background: Current phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) into CRS with nasal polyps and without nasal polyps may not adequately reflect the pathophysiologic diversity within CRS.

Based on cellular and mediator profiles, we suggest that CRS, NP, and CF-NP are distinct disease entities within the group of chronic sinus diseases.

No abstract

No abstract

T cytokine levels, eosinophilic/neutrophilic patterns, and SE-specific IgE expressions show extreme diversity among patients with CRS from Europe, Asia, and Oceania.

No abstract

No abstract

Mucosal inflammation in nasal polyps orchestrated by T(H)2 cytokines and amplified by S aureus enterotoxins is characterized by an increased eosinophilic inflammation and formation of IgE antibodies. This phenotype is associated with comorbid asthma in white and Asian patients with nasal polyps.