This research was intended to investigate the protective effect of leaf ethanolic extract Etlingera hemisphaerica Blume (LE3H) against mercuric chloride (HgCl) toxicity in blood of mice (Mus musculus). The experimental animals, 95 male M. musculus, received drink and food ad libitum. Three materials were tested: LE3H (0.13, 0.26, 0.39 mg/g body weight [bw]) was administered by gavage; HgCl (5 mg/kg bw) was administrated by gavage or intraperitoneal injection; and Imunos (the nutritional supplement to stimulate the immune system; 0.2 mg/g bw), as a positive control for LE3H treatment, was given by gavage. Blood samples were taken from the tails for determining number of blood cells. The animals were killed by cervical dislocation (CD), and then blood samples were collected from the hearts for protein electrophoresis. Results revealed the same number of leukocytes with LE3H (0.39 mg/g bw) treatment as with the Imunos treatment. HgCl administration increased leukocytes and decreased erythrocytes; HgCl administration followed by LE3H (0.39 mg/g bw) treatment protected the amount of blood cells as well as the control. HgCl administration showed a new 125 kDa protein and caused overexpression of 48 kDa protein; this protein profile could be protected by LE3H (0.39 mg/g bw) treatment as in the control condition. We conclude that LE3H provides a protective effect against HgCl toxicity in blood of M. musculus.

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BACKGROUND Methoxyacetic acid (MAA) causes fetal limb abnormalities when the substance is administrated on gestation day (GD) 11 in mice. Limb abnormalities are caused mainly by extensive cell death in the mesoderm of the limb plate. This investigation focused on identifying a protein that is linked with mouse limb teratogenicity. METHODS A single dose of MAA at 10 mmol/kg body weight was administered by gavage on GD 11; controls were administered vehicle only. Dams were killed by cervical dislocation 4 hr after treatment and forelimb buds were isolated from both the control and treated embryos. Proteins in forelimb buds GD 11 + 4 hr were precipitated out using 40–60% ammonium sulfate and were then analyzed by 2D SDS‐PAGE. Excised protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry and amino acid internal sequence analysis. Identified protein was further confirmed by Western blotting. RESULTS Two‐dimensional gel analysis indicated that 1 protein spot of 81.7 kDa/pI 7.3 was overexpressed, and the protein matched heat shock protein 70 (HSP70; accession no. P08109, SwissProt). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that MAA, when administered to pregnant mice, upregulates HSP70 in the forelimb buds. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengemas hasil profil protein hati Mus musculus dengan elektroforesis dua dimensi ke dalam buku elektronik (e-book), dan mengetahui kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa terhadap implementasi pembelajaran menggunakan media e-book. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Development Research). Hasil penelitian ini yaitu media pembelajaran e-book yang dibangun berdasarkan hasil riset secara struktural terdiri dari; a) pendahuluan, b) materi isi elektroforesis, c) analisis hasil penelitian, d) kesimpulan, e) evaluasi, dan f) biodata penulis. Setelah e-book diimplementasi terhadap mahasiswa sebanyak 30 orang menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa yang berpikir sangat kreatif berjumlah 19 orang (63%), mahasiswa berpikir kreatif 7 orang (23,3%), dan mahasiswa berpikir cukup kreatif 3 orang (13,3%).Kata kunci : E-book ; elektroforesis 2-D; kemampuan berpikir kreatif.

This study is intended to characterize a protein that is linked with mouse limb teratogenicity as the effects of methoxyacetic acid (MAA) treatment. A single dose of MAA (10 mmol/kg body weight) was given by gavage on gestation day (GD) 11, whereas the control group were administered vehicle only. The pregnant mice were killed at 4 h after MAA treatment, and forelimb buds were isolated from both the control and treated group embryos. Proteins from forelimb buds GD 11 + 4 h, which were precipitated out using 40-60% ammonium sulfate, then were analyzed by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D SDS-PAGE) technique. The 2-D gels reveal one protein with 41.6 kDa and pI 6.4, which expression was downregulated after MAA treatment. Tentative protein identification via peptide mass database search and definitive protein identification via a primary sequence database search indicate that the protein matches exactly to 34/67 kDa laminin binding protein (LBP; P14206, SwissProt), which is encoded by p40 gene (MGI:105381). The identity was further verified by Western blotting with an antibody against the 67 kDa LBP. The results suggest that MAA treatment to pregnant mice downregulates the LBP-p40 in the forelimb buds.

A jwenile salmon acoustic tracking system (JSATS) for the Colurnbia River estuary

This study intended to investigate the therapeutic effect of ethanolic extract of Tylophora villosa leaves (E2TL) against paracetamol (PC)-induced hepatotoxicity (PCIH) in mice ( Mus musculus ). PCIH were generated using daily 250 mg/kg body weight (bw) PC administration by gavage for seven days, and then daily 27.5; 55.0; 82.5; 110.0; or 220.0 mg/kg bw E2TL were treated by gavage for seven or fourteen days. Meanwhile, the controls were given solvent only in the same manner. Mortality, blood glucose, and condition (color, weight, volume) of the livers were observed on day 15 (D15). Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SG0T) were examined on D15, D22, and D30, and then malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined on D15. Results of this study revealed that on D15, the dosage of 110.0 mg/kg bw E2TL most effectively decreased MDA due to PCIH, from 6.78 ± 1.70 μmol/L to 3.45 ± 0.43 μmol/L, approaching the control condition (2.45 ± 0.05 μmol/L). PC administration was really toxic dosage and caused 13.3 % mortality. Blood glucose, weight, and volume of the liver decreased as the effect of PC administration, and then 220.0 mg/kg bw E2TL treatment could recover the condition as well as the controls. Color of the liver indicated a similar recovery by E2TL treatment. SGPT and SG0T increased significantly by PC administration, and this PCIH facts could be recovered gradually near the controls according to the dosages (55.0; 110.0; or 220.0 mg/kg bw) and duration (seven or fourteen days) of E2TL treatment. It could be concluded that E2TL showed therapeutic effect against PCIH in M. musculus .