Carbon cloth was produced by temperature-programmed pyroloysis of commercial cotton cloth under an argon flow. The temperature program included a slow ramp of 0.5ЊC/min in the 150 to 400ЊC range, and 1ЊC/min from 400 to 600ЊC. These slow ramps cover the temperature range in which the major part of the pyrolitic chemical changes take place. The samples were then heated at a faster rate up

No abstract

In this Article, the consequence of continuous electrochemical oxidation at the positive electrode in an initially symmetrical capacitive deionization (CDI) cell, comprising two identical activated carbon electrodes, is examined and discussed. Extensive and intensive parameters of the CDI cell are defined, and the deviations occurring among them as a result of continuous electrochemical oxidation processes at the positive electrode during prolonged charge–discharge cycling are discussed. A special flow-through CDI cell containing activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrodes was developed for this purpose. Ex situ XPS measurements were conducted to prove the presence of oxidized surface groups on the positive electrode of these cells due to cycling. A surprising phenomenon that looks like an inversion functionality of the carbon electrodes occurring after numerous charge–discharge cycles is observed and explained.

No abstract

No abstract