Introduction: Spiritual health is one of the important components of health. The relationship between Spiritual Health and Happiness as a sense of personal satisfaction of life, especially among students as future managers of communities is very important. The aim of this study, which was carried out in 2015, was to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and happiness in nursing students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among nursing students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad Universities in Yazd. Sampling was performed using census method and samples of this study consisted of 550 nursing students. The data were collected via two questionnaires: 1. Spiritual Health Questionnaires of Ellison with three dimensions of cognition, emotion, and action; 2. Oxford Happiness and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire with five subscales of life satisfaction, self-esteem, subjective well-being, satisfaction, and positive mood. Previous studies have confirmed the validity and reliability of these questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 using descriptive statistics (frequency) and analytical statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, linear regression). Results: The mean grade scores of "spiritual health" and "happiness" in nursing students were 95.04
Objectives Self-Efficacy is an important variable in the field of elderly, to which little attention has been paid. Quality of Life (QoL) is also one of the most important factors of human development. This study aimed to determine and investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and QoL among elders residing in Tehran nursing homes in 2015.Methods & Materials In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, the statistical population comprised the residents of nursing homes, especially catering to the elderly, in Tehran. The sample size was 210 individuals, who were selected based on the research criteria. For the elderly people residing in elderly care centers, quota random sampling was performed, and random sampling in each nursing home was made proportionate to the number of elderly residents therein. General self-efficacy scale (GSE-10), elderly quality of life questionnaire (LIPAD), and demographic questionnaire were utilized to collect data. The tools were investigated in terms of reliability. The elderly residents' average (SD) age was 78.66 (11.78) years. After sampling and gathering the questionnaires, the collected data were entered into SPSS Version18, and analyzed with descriptive indexes and analytic tests, including frequency, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA, and independent t test. Results The findings showed that the mean (SD) score of self-efficacy among the elder residents of Tehran nursing homes was 17.68 (4.00), and the mean (SD) score of QoL was 27.88 (9.80). There is no significant correlation between self-efficacy and demographic characteristics such as age, sex, or marital status, but there was a significant correlation between the education level (P=0.042) and self-efficacy. There also happened to be a significant correlation between QoL, and age (P=0.047) and education level (P=0.038). Again, there was no significant correlation between QoL, and sex and marital status. In this particular research, the confidence level was considered as 95%. Conclusion According to the results of the study, self-efficacy of residential elderlies and their quality of life was low. Increase in self-efficacy among the elderly residents of the nursing homes led to a rise in their QoL.
Background: Stroke is one of the major causes of inability in adults and the elderly. The chronic complications and the problems resulting from this disease have significant effects on the quality of life of these patients and result in diminished self-efficacy of the affected individuals. The present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of self-efficacy training on the quality of life and self-efficacy of patients with stroke. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a control group. The study population included ischemic stroke patients among which, a sample of 80 people were chosen according to the inclusion criteria through a convenience sampling method. They were then assigned randomly into intervention and control groups (40 subjects each). For the intervention group, a training program based on the self-efficacy model was presented in five sessions, but in the control group, only routine hospital cares were provided. In order to collect data, the stroke-specific quality of life scale, whose validity and reliability were measured and confirmed, was used. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 at descriptive and analytical statistical levels (independent t test, paired t test, and analysis of variance). Results: The findings indicated that there was no significant difference in the quality of life between the two groups before the training (P > 0.005). However, following the training, a significant difference was observed in the quality of life of patients with stroke between the intervention and control groups (P < 0.005). The results of this research indicated that the quality of life and its components in stroke patients had a greater mean value following training in the intervention group than in the control group. Conclusions: Implementing self-efficacy training programs can result in the enhanced quality of life and self-efficacy among patients with stroke. Since the promotion of self-efficacy in patients with chronic disease is important, it is suggested that educational programs are also held for other patients with chronic diseases.
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