The corpus callosum is a midline cerebral structure and has a unique embryological development pattern. In this article, we describe the pathophysiology and present imaging findings of various typical/atypical conditions affecting the corpus callosum. Since many of these pathologies have characteristic appearances on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their therapeutic approaches are poles apart, ranging from medical to surgical, the neuroradiologist should be well aware of them.

Ultrasonography (USG) is the primary method for antenatal fetal evaluation. However, fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now become a valuable adjunct to USG in confirming/excluding suspected abnormalities and in the detection of additional abnormalities, thus changing the outcome of pregnancy and optimizing perinatal management. With the development of ultrafast sequences, fetal MRI has made remarkable progress in recent times. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate a spectrum of structural abnormalities affecting the central nervous system, thorax, genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, as well as miscellaneous anomalies. Anomalies in twin gestations and placental abnormalities have also been included.

Rotator cuff tendinopathies are a prevalent cause of reduced activity or disability in the general population. Patients may present with decreased shoulder function such as painful shoulder movements, a painful arc, weakness, discomfort, and stiffness. On clinical evaluation, weak external rotators, a weak supraspinatus, and signs of impingement may be found. 1 Sonoelastography (SE) by measuring stiffness helps to assess the biomechanical and structural properties of tissues. 2 Ultrasound (USG) is an easily accessible imaging tool that relies on alteration of echogenicity for diagnosis of tendinopathy. However, the abnormal tendon may have similar echogenicity to that of the surrounding healthy tissues, making diagnosis difficult in tendinopathy. MRI takes into account change in signal pattern while CT looks at changes in attenuation. These modalities lack the capability of showing very early changes in tendinopathy, which involve alteration of stiffness of the tendon. In the present study, however, we could not come across a case where SE was abnormal and MRI was normal in a symptomatic patient. We undertook this study in order to further understand the utility of SE in the detection of supraspinatus tendinopathies and comparing SE findings with that of MRI. MeThoDs anD MaTerials Subjects Ours was a prospective cross-sectional study, performed over a period of 15 months on 25 consecutive patients (Table 1) (7 females, 18 males; mean age 41.7 years; age range 25-75 years) who had history of mild to moderate discomfort during activity with no significant motion limitation and tenderness over the area of the greater tuberosity, suggested rotator cuff tendinopathy. In all patients, blunt trauma/ open wounds, full thickness supraspinatus tendon (SST) tear, or a previous surgery, and other general contraindications for MRI were excluded. An informed written consent from the patient was taken. The patients were first evaluated with real-time SE followed by MRI. The Ethical Committee and Review Board of our Institution (Department of Radio-diagnosis, Bharati Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India) approved the study.

Background:Restricted diffusion within the splenium of the corpus callosum has been described by other authors in various conditions, however, restricted diffusion in the entire corpus callosum or isolated involvement of the splenium, genu, or body has been infrequently reported on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. We report a series of cases showing different patterns of involvement.Methods and Materials:Perinatal imaging with MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging was performed in 40 neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, including 11 premature neonates. Sixteen out of 40 patients demonstrated restricted diffusion within the corpus callosum. Out of 16 patients, 9 showed restricted diffusion in the entire corpus callosum, 4 had isolated splenium involvement, 2 had body and splenium signal abnormality, and 1 showed diffusion restriction only in the genu.Conclusions:Changes in the corpus callosum were also associated with more severe clinical presentation of encephalopathy. Restricted diffusion within the corpus callosum in infants with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is often associated with extensive brain injury and appears to be an early neuroradiologic marker of adverse neurologic outcome.

Abstract Background and Objective- India has emerged as fifth worst hit nation by novel Corona virus pandemics in terms of total number of cases. Our literature on clinicopathological, hematopathological characterstics and trend is still miniscule. The study was conducted to assess utility of haematological parameters and infection biomarkers in identifying disease severity. Method- The test results for complete blood counts, Coagulation screen and inflammatory markers of covid 19 positive patients were recorded and analysed based on their admission to Intensive care units, High Dependency Units or Ward. Those parameters with significant differences between the groups werewere assessed by receiver operating curve and the best screening cut-off was selected. Results- 100 adults were analysed, area under the curve for total leukocyte count, Absolute neutrophil count, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio was found >0.800, with p<0.05.The best cut off value obtained for TLC was 8100/cmm, with sensitivity and specificity of 91% and 62.5%; ANC – 6739/cmm, with 91.7% and 75% respectively; NLR - 6.9 with sensitivity and specificity 91.7% and 87.5% respectively. Haematological parameters of 33 paediatric patients studied separately and were well within normal physiological limits. Interpretation and conclusion- study suggests that in adults, using TLC, ANC and NLR, obtained from the basic preliminary workup may segregate patients requiring intensive care at the time of admission enabling risk stratification and guide intervention.