MRI evaluation of pathologies affecting the corpus callosum: A pictorial essay

Kazi, Aamish; Joshi, Prachi; Kelkar, Abhimanyu; Mahajan, Mangal; Ghawate, Amit S

doi:10.4103/0971-3026.125604

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The defect causes impaired capacity to degrade very long‐chain fatty acids leading to demyelination in the CNS . The splenium is usually affected first followed by posterior periventricular and peritrigonal white matter involvement (Fig ) . The lesions are symmetric and show variable contrast enhancement .…”

Section: Irreversible Splenial Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lesions in the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum on MRI in Children: A Review

Kontzialis

Soares

Huisman

2017

Journal of Neuroimaging

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A wide variety of conditions may involve the splenium of the corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging in children. A single cause may present with different patterns of splenial involvement, and multiple diseases may have similar imaging findings. Keeping this limitation in mind, the goal of this text is to assist in the diagnostic process of pediatric neurological diseases that are characterized by prominent involvement of the splenium of the corpus callosum on imaging. The various pathologies will be reviewed and categorized based on etiology, reversibility, and pattern of additional or associated findings. Transient splenial lesions in children are an uncommon radiologic finding of unknown etiology in a long list of conditions that may present with altered consciousness, and it usually carries a favorable prognosis. The discussion continues with the presentation of diseases inflicting irreversible damage on the splenium. Familiarity with the various causes implicated in splenial injury may assist in the formulation of differential diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting using an easily recognizable imaging finding.

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Section: Irreversible Splenial Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krabbe disease is caused by abnormal accumulation of galactocerebroside. It is characterized by callosal, periventricular, and posterior fossa white matter involvement (Fig ) . Symmetric hyperdensities on CT in the thalami and basal ganglia and cranial nerve enlargement are characteristic.…”

Section: Irreversible Splenial Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesions in the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum on MRI in Children: A Review

Kontzialis

Soares

Huisman

2017

Journal of Neuroimaging

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“…Furthermore, the effect of isolated structures has also been studied, such as the thalamus, in which atrophy is a clinically relevant biomarker of the neurodegenerative disease process (Houtchens et al, 2007), or the corpus callosum, which undergoes atrophy and becomes thinned out as the disease progresses (Kazi et al, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effect of multiple sclerosis lesions on automatic brain structure segmentation

González-Villà

Valverde

Cabezas

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

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In recent years, many automatic brain structure segmentation methods have been proposed. However, these methods are commonly tested with non-lesioned brains and the effect of lesions on their performance has not been evaluated. Here, we analyze the effect of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on three well-known automatic brain structure segmentation methods, namely, FreeSurfer, FIRST and multi-atlas fused by majority voting, which use learning-based, deformable and atlas-based strategies, respectively. To perform a quantitative analysis, 100 synthetic images of MS patients with a total of 2174 lesions are simulated on two public databases with available brain structure ground truth information (IBSR18 and MICCAI’12). The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) differences and the volume differences between the healthy and the simulated images are calculated for the subcortical structures and the brainstem. We observe that the three strategies are affected when lesions are present. However, the effects of the lesions do not follow the same pattern; the lesions either make the segmentation method underperform or surprisingly augment the segmentation accuracy. The obtained results show that FreeSurfer is the method most affected by the presence of lesions, with DSC differences (generated − healthy) ranging from − 0.11 ± 0.54 to 9.65 ± 9.87, whereas FIRST tends to be the most robust method when lesions are present (− 2.40 ± 5.54 to 0.44 ± 0.94). Lesion location is not important for global strategies such as FreeSurfer or majority voting, where structure segmentation is affected wherever the lesions exist. On the other hand, FIRST is more affected when the lesions are overlaid or close to the structure of analysis. The most affected structure by the presence of lesions is the nucleus accumbens (from − 1.12 ± 2.53 to 1.32 ± 4.00 for the left hemisphere and from − 2.40 ± 5.54 to 9.65 ± 9.87 for the right hemisphere), whereas the structures that show less variation include the thalamus (from 0.03 ± 0.35 to 0.74 ± 0.89 and from − 0.48 ± 1.08 to − 0.04 ± 0.22) and the brainstem (from − 0.20 ± 0.38 to 1.03 ± 1.31). The three segmentation approaches are affected by the presence of MS lesions, which demonstrates that there exists a problem in the automatic segmentation methods of the deep gray matter (DGM) structures that has to be taken into account when using them as a tool to measure the disease progression.

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“…Most patients converting to the cerebral form deteriorate rapidly, as was the case with case III-8, who died 5 years following the detection of cerebral demyelination on MRI [14]. Although CC hyperintensity is observed in various disorders, it is not characteristic of HSP and should be considered a red flag, raising the possibility of ALD [1,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%