As medical cannabis is legalized, food safety management systems, including CBD (cannabidiol), have received attention from scientific and engineering perspectives. Observations attribute CBD changes in acidic environments and high temperatures to THC (tetrahydrocannabinol). The current research focuses on employing and optimizing 3D printers, specifically material extrusion additive manufacturing processes for telemedicine applications to safely and accurately deliver CBD-infused food. Soft meat is prepared by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) process and simultaneously infused with hemp oil for food printing. This study personalized the amount of CBD-infused food and analyzed its operating parameters based on a theoretical Hagen-Poiseuille equation and pressure drop. Head speed, direction change within a given time, pressure drops at tip or piston, the constant mass-flux in PTE (piston type extrusion), Vizo design (VD) with aesthetic elements, and head travel distance have been optimized. Between the University of Texas at El Paso in Texas, USA, and the Korea University in Seoul, Korea, repeated IoT system variable experiments through the web-cloud were limited to less than 1 min, including print time. The telemedicine system was first tried and successfully performed using CBD-infused foods. During this process, images, G-code, video, and text, including medical descriptions, were provided simultaneously with CBD-infused food.
Background: The emphasis on non-face-to-face or untact operation services is on the rise due to the ongoing widespread of COVID-19 epidemics, which have caused severe damage worldwide. Untact technology has been applied not only to everyday life but also to the beauty art industry that relies on customer service with contact.Objective: A safe non-permanent tattoo ink is necessary to overcome the stigma of permanent tattoos and tattoo removal procedures. The purpose of this study is to efficiently deliver non-permanent tattoo ink into the skin through sophisticated untact printing techniques and safe silver compound ink, further minimizing the side effects due to unsanitary conditions. Methods: Silver-gelatin compound ink serves as an excellent alternative for conventional permanent tattoos with additives. Pistontype extruder (PTE) system and internet of things (IoT) integrated precision-controlled non-permanent and untact system using silver nanoparticle ink.Results: Complex and sophisticated designs were three-dimensional (3D) printed using a non-permanent tattoo ink containing an optimum concentration of Ag + under 5 N compression force through a 100 µm radius nozzle and diffused up to 200 µm into the stratum corneum through skin contact. Intradermal diffusion simulation and disappearance of the ink within two weeks of the human skin replacement cycle were successfully demonstrated. Conclusion:The integration of IoT and 3D printers has enabled a hygienic untact tattoo printing technique that has been verified through repeated testing. This study could arouse positive possibilities and interests in the rapidly changing beauty art fields. It provides a new tattoo methodology and further research ideas for the 3D printing applications in tattoo production.
Background Despite the UN's recommendation to abolish restrictions on Cannabidiol (CBD) in the medical and recreation sectors, detailed regulations worldwide on food-grade CBD & Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are not adequately reflected. Methods The methods of extracting hemp, which was practiced for thousands of years as detailed in ancient oriental medicine literature, were compared with recent Western cannabis case studies, and the possibility of delivering the extracts through food via telemedicine was evaluated. After decades of research, attempts have been made to use improvised hemp or cannabis for medical and cosmetic purposes with lower CBD and THC content, but micro-components, including CBD and THC analysis of Korean hemp seeds(Cheong-Sam), have yet to be accurately reported. Results The CBD and THC contents of Korean hemp seeds were measured within the HPLC 300 measurement range and analyzed by diluting 10 times or more to imitate the projected concentration in food. The CBD/THC content of Korean hemp seeds produced in the Andong Hemp Special Zone (AHSZ) was extracted by either hot water extraction or cold compression, similar to traditional medical literature, and then analyzed thoroughly to examine the applicability of traditional oriental methods to food. Conclusion CBD and THC contents were safe at less than 3 ppm when using Korean hemp. In the method extracted from the literature, CBD, Δ 9 -THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), Cannabidivarinic acid(CBDVA), Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), Tetrahydrocannabivarin acid (THCVA) responding to human reaction mechanisms were not detected in foods containing Korean hemp (Cheong-Sam) seed and oil used in this study.
With the spread of COVID-19, understanding the spread of food poisoning, managing food materials related to chronic diseases, food ingredients’ reliability, and non-face-to-face or untact delivery methods are rapidly emerging. A new field of meat research has been introduced for hygienic and healthy recipes to maintain freshness and control personalized ingredients using supercritical processes and 3D printing technology. Supercritical fluid extraction processes (SCF) and untact 3D printing technology will replace traditional meat freshness assessment based on color change according to the degree of oxidation of myoglobin in meat. SCF processes safely and quickly remove residual blood from meat and control fat and cholesterol that may be harmful to the human body. SCF-processed, high-viscosity meats are printed remotely through repeated IoT system variable experiments in WEB-CLOUD between UTEP in Texas, USA, and Korea University in Seoul, Korea. The SCF process in this study confirmed a weight reduction of 8.5% to 22.5%, depending on the temperature, pressure, and SCF process time. Under conditions of a tip size of 1.0 × 10−3 m, a shear rate of 200/s, and a maximum pressing force of 170 N, a 1000 cm3 SCF-processed meat was successfully 3D printed at the other site by transmitting G-code through web.
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