Non-permanent tattoo application of internet of things three-dimensional printer for beauty-art

Abstract

Background: The emphasis on non-face-to-face or untact operation services is on the rise due to the ongoing widespread of COVID-19 epidemics, which have caused severe damage worldwide. Untact technology has been applied not only to everyday life but also to the beauty art industry that relies on customer service with contact.Objective: A safe non-permanent tattoo ink is necessary to overcome the stigma of permanent tattoos and tattoo removal procedures. The purpose of this study is to efficiently deliver non-permanent tattoo ink into the skin through sophisticated untact printing techniques and safe silver compound ink, further minimizing the side effects due to unsanitary conditions. Methods: Silver-gelatin compound ink serves as an excellent alternative for conventional permanent tattoos with additives. Pistontype extruder (PTE) system and internet of things (IoT) integrated precision-controlled non-permanent and untact system using silver nanoparticle ink.Results: Complex and sophisticated designs were three-dimensional (3D) printed using a non-permanent tattoo ink containing an optimum concentration of Ag + under 5 N compression force through a 100 µm radius nozzle and diffused up to 200 µm into the stratum corneum through skin contact. Intradermal diffusion simulation and disappearance of the ink within two weeks of the human skin replacement cycle were successfully demonstrated. Conclusion:The integration of IoT and 3D printers has enabled a hygienic untact tattoo printing technique that has been verified through repeated testing. This study could arouse positive possibilities and interests in the rapidly changing beauty art fields. It provides a new tattoo methodology and further research ideas for the 3D printing applications in tattoo production.