The in vitro NF release profiles form the monoglycerides matrix containing 0.5% OA-Fe3O4 nanoparticles after AMF activation confirmed the thermo-responsive nature of the matrix that could provide pulsatile drug release 'on-demand'.
Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease which causes acute encephalitis in humans and animals. The case is most severe in developing countries where cell culture derived anti-rabies vaccines are unaffordable or the available nervous tissue-derived vaccines are of questionable immunogenicity and may cause neurological complications. The aim of this research was to adapt local rabies virus isolates on BHK-21 and to study pathogenicity to intramuscular route of inoculation for canine vaccine development. The viruses were isolated from rabid dogs' brain and human saliva, and adapted to Swiss albino mice brain and cell lines by several blind passages. By titration, a minimum of 10 6.5 TCID 50 /ml (in vitro) and 10 4.5 MICLD 50 /0.03 ml (in vivo) virus titer were obtained. For pathogenicity study, mice were inoculated intramuscularly with 250MICLD 50 /0.1 ml of each adapted virus isolate and observed for 45 days. Only two virus isolates, human origin sululta (HOS) and dog origin (DO) caused 12.5% death. This can show the phylogroup origin of the viruses indicating phylogroup I origin of these virus isolates with decline in virulence. Decline in pathogenicity may be due to adaptation of the viruses to mice brain and cell lines to increase virus infectivity titer. Generally, the exact genetic relationship with fixed rabies virus strain should be studied by molecular techniques and canine anti-rabies vaccine develops from locally isolated viruses.
Abstract. This study describes a simple chromatographic method for the simultaneous analyses of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and its hydrolytic degradation products: lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and free fatty acids (FFA). Quantitative determination of PC, LPC, and FFA is essential in order to assure safety and to accurately assess the shelf life of phospholipid-containing products. A single-run normalphase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with evaporative light scattering detector has been developed. The method utilizes an Allsphere silica analytical column and a gradient elution with mobile phases consisting of chloroform: chloroform-methanol (70:30%, v/v) and chloroform-methanolwater-ammonia (45:45:9.5:0.5%, v/v/v/v). The method adequately resolves PC, LPC, and FFA within a run time of 25 min. The quantitative analysis of PC and LPC has been achieved with external standard method. The free fatty acids were analyzed as a group using linoleic acid as representative standard. Linear calibration curves were obtained for PC (1.64-16.3 μg, r 2 =0.9991) and LPC (0.6-5.0 μg, r 2 = 0.9966), while a logarithmic calibration curve was obtained for linoleic acid (1.1-5.8 μg, r 2 =0.9967). The detection and quantification limits of LPC and FFA were 0.04 and 0.1 μg, respectively. As a means of validating the applicability of the assay to pharmaceutical products, PC liposome was subjected to alkaline hydrolytic degradation. Quantitative HPLC analysis showed that 97% of the total mass balance for PC could be accounted for in liposome formulation. The overall results show that the HPLC method could be a useful tool for chromatographic analysis, stability studies, and formulation characterization of phospholipid-based pharmaceuticals.
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