Rational drug use (RDU) is an indicator to evaluates a treatment given to patients, like proper medication, precise diagnosis, precise dosing. Community Health Center (CHC) has the risk of irrational drug use. In this study, researchers selected N and BL CHC, aiming to evaluate the prescribing indicators based on three diseases which are non-pneumonia acute respiratory infection (ARI), non-specific diarrhea and myalgia, and the facility indicators with DOEN (list of essential national medicines) availability and 20 mandatory drugs. This research was a descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional methods where the data retrieval of the prescribing is taken from January to December 2018. The study used the normality test and homogeneity test before independent sample T-test, from the third outcome of the test, the N and BL CHC could be said to differ significantly of RDU. It can be concluded that rational drug use is reviewed from a prescribing indicator based on disease and facility indicator. The results of RDU are rational in N CHC, in contrast with BL CHC which is not rational with the results of the RDU in N CHC is 101.44% and BL CHC is 89.81%. The results of N CHC is better than BL CHC, which both CHCs have fulfilled the target of the government, for 68% in 2018. In both CHCs for the facility indicator, there are a DOEN and 20 essential medicines.
Penyakit Tuberkulosis (TB) saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan global yang semakin bertambah setiap tahunnya.Penyakit TB adalah salah satu dari 10 penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian di seluruh dunia (WHO, 2017). Rancangan penelitian ini merupakan suatu pengamatan kualitatif dengan pendekatan desain secara prospektif cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang mulai bulan Februari sampai dengan jumlah sampel yang diinginkan. Dari subyek pasien penyakit tuberkulosis dengan jumlah 92 pasien. Jumlah pasien yang mengalami kejadian ROTD dengan kategori meragukan yaitu 56 pasien (60,9%), pada pasien yang mengalami kejadian ROTD dengan kategori mungkin yaitu 32 pasien (34,8%), dan pada pasien kejadian ROTD dengan kategori besar kemungkinan yaitu 4 pasien (4,3%). Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara usia dengan kejadian ROTD nilai signifikansi 0,000 dan hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian ROTD dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Keyword : Obat Tuberkulosis, Reaksi Obat Tidak Diinginkan
Rational Drug Use has several indicators, one of which is service indicators, where service indicators will play a role in increasing rational drug use so that it can support the success of treatment to achieve a better quality of life and patient welfare. The purpose of this study was to determine rational drug use in the city of Semarang based on service indicator parameters. This research is a descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional design, data collection is done prospectively with a direct observation approach and direct interviews with respondents. The number of respondents was 744 patients (372 at Puskesmas N and 372 at Puskesmas TK who were taken by consecutive sampling. The data were processed using the Mann-Whitney statistical test with a p-value <0.05. The results of this study indicate that the use of drugs in Puskesmas N and Puskesmas TK There is a significant difference with a p-value <0.05. In the meantime of medical consultation 5-11 minutes; the average time for drug preparation 10-16 minutes; the percentage of drug delivery suitability is 100%; the percentage of adequate labeling is 100% and the percentage of knowledge Patients at the puskesmas approach rationality and there are differences in services between the two Puskesmas. The government needs to increase the number of pharmacists and improve infrastructure, especially in terms of drug counseling at each puskesmas so that it is hoped that patient knowledge of the drug regimen to be consumed will increase.
Implementation of pharmacists services provided in all pharmacies must meet the standard of pharmaceutical services guidelines, including the provision of drug information. The study aims to compare the patient's perception of drug counseling services by pharmacy staff based on the type of pharmacy ownership (franchise/non-franchise) in Semarang. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken of 286 respondents with a quota sampling technique. Data were collected using an online google form questionnaire tested for validity and reliability. The statistical analysis results used the Mann-Whitney test with a p-value of <0.05. There is no significant difference between the patient's perception of the drug information counseling services by pharmacy staff at the franchise or non-franchise pharmacies in Semarang with a p-value of 0.264. This study also found that the standard information given by pharmacy staff is healthy eating and education about antibiotics used in the common cold. In addition, only 55% of respondents were sure that the pharmacy staff who gave them drug information in pharmacies was a pharmacist. Consequently, we humbly recommend that pharmacists consistently wear their pharmacist identification.
Demam merupakan proses yang dimiliki oleh tubuh dimana agen infeksi dan jaringan yang sudah rusak tidak bisa bertahan, ini disebabkan oleh aksi sekunder dari adanya suatu penyebab seperti agen infeksi, kerusakan jaringan, peradangan, keganasan dan penyakit lainnya. Kulit umbi bawang putih mempunyai kandungan flavonoid. Flavonoid dapat menghambat enzim siklooksigenase khususnya siklooksigenase-2 yang berperan dalam biosintesis prostaglandin sehingga proses terjadinya demam terhambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek (ekstrak kulit umbi bawang putih) EKUBP sebagai antipiretik pada tikus putih yang diinduksi vaksin DTP-HB-Hib 0,3 ml intramuscular dan pengaruh ekstrak etanolik kulit umbi bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) (EEKUBP) pada dosis terapi antipiretik terhadap kadar SGOT dan SGPT tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi vaksin DTP-HB-Hib. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian post test only control group design. Tikus putih sebanyak 25 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok I adalah kelompok kontrol negatif diberi CMC Na 1%, kelompok II kontrol positif diberi Parasetamol (PCT), kelompok III, IV, dan V diberi EKUBP dengan dosis 252 mg/200 gBB, 504 mg/200 gBB, dan 756 mg/200 gBB. Pengukuran suhu dilakukan sebelum pemberian vaksin DTP-Hb-Hib, 3 jam setelah pemberian vaksin DTP-Hb-Hib dan 30 menit sekali setelah perlakuan sampai menit 120. Pemberian dilakukan selama 7 hari dan pada hari ke-8 dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar SGOT dan SGPT metode enzymatic colorimetric kinetic. Efektivitas antipiretik dilihat melalui penurunan suhu setelah diberi EKUBP. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Annova di lanjutkan Post Hoc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EKUBP dosis 756 mg/200 gBB karena berbeda signifikan terhadap kelompok kontrol negatif (p0.05) dan tidak berbeda dengan parasetamol (p0.05). Analisa data kadar SGOT dan SGPT menggunakan Kruskal-wallis Test dan dilanjutkan Mann Whitney Test pada kadar SGOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, kelompok I dengan kelompok Ekstrak tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada pemeriksaan kadar SGOT dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pula terhadap kadar SGPT tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi vaksin DTP-HB-Hib dengan pemberian EEKUBP 252mg/200gBB, 504mg/200gBB dan 756mg/200gBB. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah ekstrak kulit umbi bawang putih (EKUBP) dosis 756 mg/200 gBB terbukti memiliki aktivitas sebagai antipiretik, dan tidak berpengaruh meningkatkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT tikus putih jantan galur wistar yang diinduksi vaksin DTP-HB-Hib. Kata Kunci : ekstrak kulit umbi bawang putih, vaksin DTP-HB-Hib, antipiretik, SGPT dan SGOT
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a serious disease caused by the dengue virus infections. immunomodulators is widely used as a supportive treatment for dengue fever patients. But along with the progress of herbal medicine, developed other drugs containing guava leaves extract can stimulate the formation of platelets in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever but drug prices are still quite expensive.This study aimed to determine the cost effectiveness of immunomodulator and herbal medicine containing guava leaves extract in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. observasional analitical study with retrospective approach. the medical records of patients treated in Baitul Nisa and Baitul Athfal grade 3 Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital between August 2014 and August 2016 that meeting the inclusion criteria. ACER (Average Cost Effectiveness Ratio) was used to evaluate the daily cost for treatment. the value ACER for patients treated with immunomodulator was Rp 334.073, - / day with 4.78 day duration of hospitalization. while the value of the ACER for patients taking herbal medicine containing guava leaves extract was of Rp 343.894, - / day with 5 days duration of hospitalisation. There was no significant difference in cost effectiveness between patients treated with immunomodulator and herbal medicine containing extract of guava leaves (p> 0.05). There was a difference in cost effectiveness between immunomodulator and herbal medicine containing guava leaves extract.
Hypertension is the third degenerative disease for the death causesan Indonesia. The prevalence of hypertension in population age>18 years in Central Java Province in 2017 was 12.98%. Demak Regency is a part of Central Java province that has a high hypertension precentstion 76.07%. For factor affecting hypertension for example is the uses of hormonal contraception (pills, injections, and implants). This study aims to determine the corelation of hormonal contraceptive uses with hypertension in women of childbearing age (WOCA) in Sidogemah Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency. The research was analytical research with a cross sectional approached. The population in this study were women of childbearing age (WOCA) aged 15-49 years who took hormonal contraception. Obtained a sample of 67 people used is simple random sampling. Data was taken directly using a questionnaire and blood pressure measurements were carried out according to the research procedure. Data was analyzed using chi-square statistical test with p-value <0.05. The results of the study obtained p-value 0.013. Women of childbearing age (WOCA) who use hormonal contraception have hypertension were 21 people (27.6%) and those without hypertension were 55 people (72.4%). It can be concluded that in this study there was a correlation between the use of hormonal contraception and hypertension in women of childbearing age (WOCA) in Sidogemah Village, Sayung District, Demak Regency. It is recommended for women of childbearing age (WUS) to choose a contraceptive method that suits their needs by consulting a health worker to avoid risk factors that can cause hypertension. Future studies can add other variables which are risk factors for hypertension such as hypercholesterolemia. Abstrak Hipertensi merupakan penyakit degeneratif penyebab kematian ketiga di Indonesia. Angka kejadian hipertensi penduduk usia >18 tahun di Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2017 sebesar 12,98%. Kabupaten Demak merupakan bagian provisinsi Jawa Tengah yang mempunyai cukup tinggi penderita hipertensi sebanyak 76,07%. Faktor yang mempengaruhi hipertensi adalah salah satunya penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal (pil, suntik, dan implant). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan hipertensi pada wanita usia subur (WUS) di Desa Sidogemah Kecamatan Sayung Kabupaten Demak. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini ialah wanita usia subur (WUS) yang berusian 15-49 tahun yang memakai kontrasepsi hormonal. Didapatkan sampelsebanyak 67 orang dengan menggunakan teknik sampel yaitu simple random sampling. Data diambil secara langsung menggunakan angket serta diukur tekanan darah pada sampel sesuai dengan prosedur penelitian. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi-squaredengan p-value < 0.05. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai p-value 0,013. Wanita usia subur (WUS) yang menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal mengalami hipertensi sebanyak 21 orang (27,6%) dan yang tidak mengalami hipertensi sebanyak 55 orang (72,4%), didapati nilai signifikan dengan nilai p-value 0,013. Dapat disimpulkan pada penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan hipertensi pada wanita usia subur (WUS) di Desa Sidogemah Kecamatan Sayung Kabupaten Demak. Disarankan kepada wanita usia subur (WUS) untuk memilih metode kontrasepsi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dengan berkonsultasi kepada tenaga kesehatan untuk menghindari faktor risiko yang dapat menyebabkan hipertensi. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat menambahkan variabel yang merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi lainnya seperti hiperkolestrolemia. Kata Kunci: Kontrasepsi Hormonal, Wanita Usia Subur, Hipertensi
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