Evaluation of Rational Drug Use based on Indicators of Diseases and Facilities at Community Health Centers in Districts in Semarang

Abstract

Rational drug use (RDU) is an indicator to evaluates a treatment given to patients, like proper medication, precise diagnosis, precise dosing. Community Health Center (CHC) has the risk of irrational drug use. In this study, researchers selected N and BL CHC, aiming to evaluate the prescribing indicators based on three diseases which are non-pneumonia acute respiratory infection (ARI), non-specific diarrhea and myalgia, and the facility indicators with DOEN (list of essential national medicines) availability and 20 mandatory drugs. This research was a descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional methods where the data retrieval of the prescribing is taken from January to December 2018. The study used the normality test and homogeneity test before independent sample T-test, from the third outcome of the test, the N and BL CHC could be said to differ significantly of RDU. It can be concluded that rational drug use is reviewed from a prescribing indicator based on disease and facility indicator. The results of RDU are rational in N CHC, in contrast with BL CHC which is not rational with the results of the RDU in N CHC is 101.44% and BL CHC is 89.81%. The results of N CHC is better than BL CHC, which both CHCs have fulfilled the target of the government, for 68% in 2018. In both CHCs for the facility indicator, there are a DOEN and 20 essential medicines.

Prevalence and Prescribers’ Knowledge of Psychotropic Polypharmacy in the Bono, Bono East, and Ahafo Regions, Ghana

“…19 A study on some reasons for polypharmacy practice stated antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) might be appropriate in patients who have failed or cannot tolerate antipsychotic monotherapy put forward. 12 The safety data for psychotropic polypharmacy are mixed; several studies of clozapine plus risperidone or adjunctive aripiprazole suggest that these combinations generally are well tolerated with positive effects among patients Findings from this study revealed that 39.6% of prescribers strongly agreed that PP should be an option when the patient's condition is severe whereas 22.4% also disagreed severity of the condition should not lead to polypharmacy. However, 3.5% were unable to tell if the severity of the condition could lead them to take that decision.…”

“…Antidepressants were the most common co-prescribed medication class in multi-class visits followed by ADHD medications, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and sedative-hypnotics. 12 The study employed five categories to group the types of psychotropic drugs frequently prescribed;…”

Prevalence and prescribers’ knowledge of psychotropic polypharmacy in the Bono, Bono East, and Ahafo Regions, Ghana

“…A study using a nationwide representative sample of 3466 children and adolescents, reported the prevalence of multi-class psychotropic treatment to be 19 % in this population. Antidepressants were the most common co-prescribed medication class in multi-class visits followed by ADHD medications, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and sedative-hypnotics [ 13 ].…”

“…A study indicated that psychotropic polypharmacy is still a common practice despite inconclusive scientific evidence of additional efficacy and potential exacerbation of undesirable effects of medications [ 20 ]. A study on some reasons for polypharmacy practice stated antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) might be appropriate in patients who have failed or cannot tolerate antipsychotic monotherapy put forward [ 13 ]. The safety data for psychotropic polypharmacy are mixed; several studies of clozapine plus risperidone or adjunctive aripiprazole suggest that these combinations generally are well tolerated with positive effects among patients.…”

Evaluation of Rational Antibiotic Use in Non-Pneumonia ARI Disease Patients in the Working Area of Health Center "X" in Mining Area PT. ANTAM, Tbk Pomalaa Subdistrict

“…This policy is certainly very good to prevent uncontrolled use of antibiotics that will eventually have an impact on the occurrence of resistance. [12] Antibiotics used are not by the time of treatment so it can result in a lack of dose. This is due to the limited availability of basic health services and a lack of understanding of rational antibiotic use.…”