Self-medication is defined as an attempt to treat using medicines purchased at pharmacies or drug stores without a doctor's prescription. There is currently a public health emergency due to the emergence of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication before and during the COVID-19 pandemic among health students in Central Java and its associated factors. This cross-sectional survey involved 384 respondents with teknik snowball sampling using an online questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics, namely bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Bivariate analysis with Chi square and Wilcoxon to compare sociodemographic characteristics with self-medicating before and during the pandemic. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was carried out using logistic regression to see the factors that most influenced individual desires to self-medicate (p0.05). Based on the analysis, the results showed that the prevalence of self-medicating among health students in Central Java has increased from before the pandemic (58.6%) to (78.6%) during the pandemic. Self-medication was mostly done by women (84.4%), aged 18-40 years (99.2%). Places to buy drugs at pharmacies (91%) and considerations in choosing drugs by looking at drug brands (52%). Another factor of respondents doing self-medication is due to previous experience using similar drugs (49%), the factor of information sources from the internet (46%). The results of the study concluded that there were differences between age, gender, level of education, understanding of self-medication, experiencing pain in the last 3 months, physical activity and suggestions from others affecting individual desires for self-medication before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct education and monitoring related to self-medication carried out by students so that the treatment carried out is appropriate and rational.
Pemanfaatan biogas dari kotoran sapi sebagai alternatif bahan bakar pembangkit listrik dilakukan melalui proses anaerobik. Pilot Plant dengan produksi biogas sebesar 7 m 3 /hari telah terpasang di Pesantren Saung Balong. Biogas ini dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan sehari-hari seperti memasak dan penerangan, dan digunakan sebagai bahan bakar pure biogas dengan genset skala 2.500 Watt. Produksi biogas rata-rata sebesar 0,040 m 3 per 30 menit atau 0,080 m 3 /jam. Biogas yang dihasilkan selama pengukuran (450 menit) adalah 0,604 m 3. Dengan data tersebut maka diperkirakan dalam sehari (24 jam) biogas yang dapat dihasilkan adalah sebesar 1,92 m 3. Sementara, konsumsi biogas untuk genset pada beban 1.047 W adalah 0,019 m 3 /menit, genset akan beroperasi selama 101,05 menit atau sekitar 1,68 jam. Dengan demikian listrik yang dapat dihemat adalah 1,759 kWh per-hari atau 52,77 kWh per-bulan dan biaya listrik yang dapat dihemat yaitu sebesar Rp. 40.896/bulan. Kata kunci: biogas, pure biogas, pilot plant, anaerobik.
Rational Drug Use has several indicators, one of which is service indicators, where service indicators will play a role in increasing rational drug use so that it can support the success of treatment to achieve a better quality of life and patient welfare. The purpose of this study was to determine rational drug use in the city of Semarang based on service indicator parameters. This research is a descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional design, data collection is done prospectively with a direct observation approach and direct interviews with respondents. The number of respondents was 744 patients (372 at Puskesmas N and 372 at Puskesmas TK who were taken by consecutive sampling. The data were processed using the Mann-Whitney statistical test with a p-value <0.05. The results of this study indicate that the use of drugs in Puskesmas N and Puskesmas TK There is a significant difference with a p-value <0.05. In the meantime of medical consultation 5-11 minutes; the average time for drug preparation 10-16 minutes; the percentage of drug delivery suitability is 100%; the percentage of adequate labeling is 100% and the percentage of knowledge Patients at the puskesmas approach rationality and there are differences in services between the two Puskesmas. The government needs to increase the number of pharmacists and improve infrastructure, especially in terms of drug counseling at each puskesmas so that it is hoped that patient knowledge of the drug regimen to be consumed will increase.
Prolanis merupakan pendekatan sistem pelayanan kesehatan yang dilaksanakan terintegrasi dengan melibatkan peserta, fasilitas kesehatan dan BPJS Kesehatan dalam rangka pemeliharaan kesehatan bagi peserta menderita penyakit kronis untuk mencapai kualitas hidup yang optimal dengan pembiayaan efektif dan efisien. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pemahaman kepatuhan obat, utamanya dalam mengontrol indeks glikemik kontrol. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode edukasi dengan penyuluhan satu arah pada pasien lansia prolanis Puskesmas Halmahera Semarang. Hasil kegiatan ini mengungkapkan adanya peningkatan kepatuhan obat pada pasien lansia prolanis pada penyakit kronis.
This community service's goal is to prepare children for the New Normal by educating them about the corona virus, media and transmission methods, signs of infection, physical and social isolation, and how to adjust to and discipline strict measures to prevent transmission. The method of this dedication is by socializing and practicing how to wash hands according to WHO, cleaning objects that can be intermediaries for transmission, wearing masks, keeping a safe distance, increasing self-immunity by exercising diligently, taking vitamins and consuming nutritious food. Every person, including children, should take the necessary precautions to prevent the spread of the Corona virus. The presence of discipline in this prevention effort and the ability to adjust to the new normal will be a turning point in the battle against the corona virus.
Hampir 90% bahan baku obat, baik zat aktif maupun bahan tambahan (eksipien) di Indonesia didapatkan melalui impor dari luar negeri, padahal sumber daya Indonesia dapat dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bahan pengikat amilum ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatasL) dalam berbagai konsentrasi terhadap sifat fisik granul, tablet dan profil disolusi tablet paracetamol. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian eksperimental dengan design posttest only control group yaitu menggunakan lima formula amilum ubi jalar putih dan tablet paracetamol merk dagang sebagai kontrol positif. Formula yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%. Kemudian dilakukan uji granulasi, keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, kerapuhan, disintegrasi dan disolusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tablet paracetamol dengan bahan pengikat amilum ubi jalar putih yang dibuat memenuhi persyaratan fisik sesuai standar Farmakope Indonesia. Tablet paracetamol yang dihasilkan berwarna putih, memenuhi persyaratan ketika dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik meliputiuji granulasi, keseragaman bobot, kerapuhan, namun pada uji kekerasan didapatkan formula yang memenuhi persyaratan farmakope yaitu pada formula 1 (5%), uji waktu hancur dan disolusi formulasi yang memenuhi syarat adalah formula 1,2,3 (5%,10% dan 15%). Berdasarkan uji analasis Anova dan Kruskal wallis didapatkan terjadinya perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok perlakuan pada uji pengetapan granul, keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, kerapuhan, disintegrasi dan disolusi (p<0,05), kemudian dilanjutkan uji Mann-Whitney dan tidak terjadi perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok pada uji waktu alir dan sudut diam (p>0,05). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi amilum ubi jalar putih (Ipomoea batatasL) terhadap sifat fisik granul, tablet dan profil disolusi tablet paracetamol dengan konsentrasi 5% sampai 10%.
Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah kelainan metabolisme yang terjadi karena kurangnya hormon insulin dengan ditandai oleh kenaikan kadar glukosa darah diatas normal. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan dalam menganalisa hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kualitas hidup penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Keling 1 Kabupaten Jepara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analytic dengan desain cross sectional study dan metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner HDFSS (Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale) dan DQOL (Diabetes Quality of Life). Uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi pearson dan chi-square untuk menganalisis hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kualitas hidup penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Hasil penelitian mayoritas responden 85,7% mempunyai dukungan yang tinggi dan sebagian dari responden 88,1% mempunyai kualitas hidup tinggi. Dari hasil chi-square dan korelasi pearson hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kualitas hidup Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dihasilkan p-value 0,000. Uji chi-square dan pearson corellation dimensi emosional p < 0,000, dimensi penghargaan p < 0,000 dan dimensi informasi p < 0,000 dan dimensi instrumental p = 0,159. Responden dukungan keluarga dengan kualitas hidup menunjukkan terdapat hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kualitas hidup penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Uji domain dukungan keluarga seperti domain emosional, penghargaan dan informasi terdapat hubungan bermakna terhadap kepuasan dan dampak dari penyakit kualitas hidup. Sedangkan domain instrumental tidak terdapat hubungan dimensi instrumental dengan kepuasan dan dampak dari penyakit kualitas hidup penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Keling 1 Kabupaten Jepara.
The implementation of INA CBG's system is not yet optimal because INA CBG's rate in fact not yet fulfill hospital real cost. The purpose of this research was to compare the INA-CBG's rate and real cost and also to look the factors affecting has difference the big real cost in patient with stroke in JKN era at Sultan Agung Islam Hospital between January 2017 and October 2017. Research using descriptive analysis, the data were analysed by Mann-Whitney test was used to compare real cost and INA-CBG's rate. And the Mann
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