Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of theory of planned behavior (TPB) with special emphasis on measuring the direct and moderating effects of subjective norms on attitude, perceived behavioral control and buying intention in context of buying organic food. Design/methodology/approach – Structured questionnaires were randomly distributed among academic staffs and students of two universities in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed model fit. Findings – Results of the study showed that subjective norms significantly moderate the relationship between attitudes and buying intention as well as between perceived behavior control and buying intention. Furthermore, subjective norms significantly influence attitude toward buying intention. Practical implications – The paper provides useful insights for the academics and marketers. Academics may further explore the role of subjective norms in order to have a better understanding of their effects on TPB components. Whereas, marketers can target the opinion leaders and reference groups to increase the demand of organic food. Originality/value – Majority of previous studies overlooked the role of subjective norms in determining the buying intentions with respect to organic food. The striking feature of this study is an in-depth emphasis on exploring the direct and moderating effects of subjective norms on the elements of TPB. Moreover, to the best of authors’ knowledge, this is a pioneer study that comprehensively examines the linkage of components of TPB with organic food purchasing in Pakistan.

The main purpose of this study was to review the measurements that are related to the corporate governance. A close look at the literature of corporate governance and firm performance reveals that different measures have been used by the researchers to measure the performance. They classified those measurements into accounting-based and market-based indicators. Performance measurement has great significance in effective management of an organization and in the enhancement of the processes since only measurable things is manageable. Hence, the enhancement of the organizational performance requires some measurements to determine the impact of the level of organizational effectiveness upon business performance. This study can act as a reference to the researchers who are concerned with the firm performance measurements.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the joint effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and total quality management (TQM) on the organizational performance. In addition, this study aimed to examine the ability of TQM to transmit the effect of EO on the organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach – To examine the hypothesized model of the study, the survey questionnaire research design was employed. The data were collected from Dubai police department. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 320 out of which only 111 usable questionnaires were returned. The structural equation modeling partial least squares approach was used. Findings – The statistical results confirmed the effect of EO and TQM on the organizational performance. In addition, TQM was found to partially mediate the effect of EO on organizational performance. Practical implications – Further details and valuable implications of this study were discussed throughout the study. The results of this study have many practical implications. The results will help managers to make the proper decisions when deciding to implement TQM in their organizations. TQM can help managers with strong EO to achieve maximum performance in organizations and to remain competitive in the market. Originality/value – This study is a rare and unique empirical study that examines the effect of EO on TQM and the mediating effect of TQM on the EO-performance relationship.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between enterprise resource planning (ERP) and organizational performance through examining the mediating effect of total quality management (TQM) and organizational excellence and the moderating effect of entrepreneurial organizational culture (EOC). Design/methodology/approach A survey questionnaire was used to collect the data from Dubai Police Departments. Out of the questionnaires distributed, 320 completed usable were returned and used for the analysis which employed partial least squares structural equation modelling methodology. Findings The results showed that there are positive and significant relationships between ERP, organizational excellence, TQM, and organizational performance. In addition, TQM was found to partially mediate the effect of ERP on organizational performance, where organizational excellence was found to fully mediate the effect on the same relationship. However, the moderating role of EOC on the ERP, TQM, and organizational performance was not confirmed. Practical implications Several practical implications have been gained from this study. It will increase the awareness of managers and decision makers to consider the constructs test to enhance the overall organizational performance in their organizations. The role of TQM and organizational excellence to facilitate the implementation of ERP is very critical. In addition, this research will increase the awareness of different stakeholders such as customers, supplier, and shareholders to integrate the proposed constructs examined to enhance the overall organizational performance. Originality/value The current study is one of the few or the only empirical study that examines the joint effect of ERP, TQM, organizational excellence, and EOC on organizational performance.

The core aim of this study is to examine the relationship between board characteristics and the firm performance of non-financial listed Kuwaiti firms. To achieve the objectives of the study, the data were collected from a sample of 136 companies for the financial year 2009. Variables such as CEO duality, COE tenure, audit committee size, board size and board composition were considered as predictors of the firm performance that was measured employing the return on assets (ROA). By contrast, the effects of CEO tenure and leverage on firm performance were found to be negative and significant at the chosen level of significance. To test the hypotheses of the study, multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 was utilized. Using the firm size and leverage as a control variable, the findings of the study support the positive effects of CEO duality and audit committee size on ROA. Other findings of the study were discussed in the discussion section and some other future study directions were provided.

Purpose This study aims to examine how perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities (i.e. environment, society and stakeholders) enhance perceived value, social media engagement to win customer loyalty in the hotel industry. In addition, it investigates the mediating effects of customer perceived value and social media engagement between CSR activities and customer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered survey was conducted on customers in Malaysia. Based on the data collected from 389 customers, the analysis used the structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The validity and reliability of the measurements were confirmed before the hypotheses of the study have been tested. Findings The results revealed that CSR related to the environment has significant direct and indirect impacts on customer loyalty. In addition, the effect of perceived value and social media engagement on customer loyalty has been supported. The results also demonstrated the mediating role of perceived value and social media engagement between CSR activities and customer loyalty. Research limitations/implications This study advances the understanding of the impact of CSR activities, perceived value and social media engagement on customer loyalty in the hotel industry. Hoteliers can gain benefits by understanding how specific CSR activities can enhance customer perceived value and social media engagement value, thus leads to customer loyalty. Originality/value This study investigates the association between CSR activities, perceived value, social media engagement and customer loyalty, which has been lacking a full investigation in the hospitality literature.

Purpose One of the primary goals of this study was to examine the joint effect of entrepreneurial orientation and Total Quality Management on the organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach To examine the hypothesized model of the study, the survey questionnaire research design was employed. The data were collected from Dubai police departments. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 320 out of which only 111 usable questionnaires were returned. The Structural Equation Modelling partial least squares approach was used. Findings The statistical results confirmed the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and TQM on the organizational performance. Practical implications . Further details and valuable implications of this study were discussed throughout the study. The results of this study have many practical implications. The results will help managers to take the proper decision when deciding to implement TQM in their organizations. The TQM can help managers with strong EO to achieve the maximum performance in organizations and to remain competitive in the market. Originality/value This study is considered one of the very few empirical studies that examine the effect of EO and TQM the organizational performance.