Purpose This study aims to examine the factors influencing tourists to share their travel experiences on social media (SM). Design/methodology/approach An online questionnaire was administered to 1,280 American travelers, and the data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings The PLS-SEM results indicated that non-participant sharing had a direct and positive effect on tourists’ tendencies to share their travel experiences on SM. Environmental, relational and security concerns had direct and negative effects on actual travel-experience sharing, whereas altruism, personal fulfillment and self-actualization had direct and positive effects on actual travel-experience sharing. Practical implications Travelers were found to attach importance to content shared on SM when they believed the content to be objective and reliable and were more likely to share such content on their own SM accounts. This finding suggests that tourist-created content is crucial. Tourism businesses, therefore, should reduce or eliminate inhibitory factors to increase content sharing. This research provides guidance for tourism businesses’ SM initiatives. Originality/value The study, first, contributes to an understanding of the factors affecting the sharing of travel experiences on SM. Second, this study develops a holistic approach that integrates the factors that might affect tourists’ SM content-sharing behavior into a single model.

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of the tourists' citizenship behavior between the value co-creation with customers and customer satisfaction. The data of the study was collected through a survey administered to the tourists who visited Antalya and purchased the touristic products through the co-creation. Confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling analyses, and SPSS process extension analysis were carried out on 252 valid survey data collected from the sample. The results of the study showed that the value co-creation with customers was clustered in two factors: (i) experience quality value and (ii) individual value. The tourists' citizenship behavior consisted of four factors: (i) advocacy behavior, (ii) tolerance behavior, (iii) helping behavior and (iv) feedback behavior. According to another result of the study, the value co-creation with customers had a statistically significant and positive direct effect on customer satisfaction and the dimensions constituting the citizenship behavior of the tourists. Furthermore, it was concluded that the mediating effects of the advocacy and tolerance dimensions on the relationship between the value co-creation with customers and customer satisfaction were found to be statistically significant and positive.

Cities have become the engines of economic development more than ever before. Nowadays, numerous cities have been using technological and innovative service delivery tools called "smart city technologies and applications" to affect living conditions of their residents and visitors positively. These technologies and applications can be seen at government and private buildings, city facilities and management, informational and communicational technology infrastructure and personal services. They have a net-positive impact on the environment and natural resources by reducing harmful emissions, excessive and unnecessary use of energy, water, gas, public and private transport vehicles etc. On the city branding side, efficient, sustainable and powerful city economy, security, tidiness, regularity in urban facilities, enhanced civic imagery and a decent quality of life have made a city attractive to its target audiences. In this paper, smart city technologies and applications in the world's leading smart cities were examined. Thereafter, common and/or city-specific applications were listed. Finally, in the light of these findings, some suggestions were put forward for tourism cities which aim to realize sustainable economic development by means of tourism and be an attractive city/destination for their existing and prospective visitors.

Purpose The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of value co-destruction on customer citizenship and negative electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) behaviors. In addition, the study aims to determine the mediating role of tourist citizenship between value co-destruction and negative e-WOM behaviors. Design/methodology/approach By using a convenience sampling method, data were collected from 704 customers, who purchased their touristic products through co-creation. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to the data obtained to determine the factors that make up the dimensions in the research model. The partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the relationship in the research model proposed in the study. Findings The results of the study indicated that value co-destruction had an effect on customer citizenship behavior and negative e-WOM. While the helping behavior of customer citizenship had an effect on negative e-WOM, the advocacy behavior of customer citizenship had no effect on negative e-WOM. However, this study found only an indirect mediation effect of helping behavior in the relationship between value co-destruction and negative e-WOM. Research limitations/implications The research examined the antecedent behaviors that cause value co-destruction and the effects of these behaviors on the outcomes of the holiday experience. This information then was combined in a model and evaluated in a holistic framework. Theoretically, the research helps us understand the impact of value co-destruction behavior on citizenship behavior and on tourists’ negative e-WOM tendency. The research examines value co-destruction behavior and its effect on holiday-experience outcomes simultaneously. Practical implications The research provides a framework that tourism enterprises can use to produce and offer value-attributing services for their customers and to manage dysfunctional and disruptive business processes and behaviors to reduce value co-destruction. The research also provides a new way for practitioners in the tourism sector to understand and generalize the behavioral changes of tourists caused by value co-destruction during and after their experience. Originality/value The paper contributes to an understanding of value co-destruction antecedents and outputs from the customer perspective. Further, the research provides information to tourism businesses to effectively and efficiently manage the value co-creation process and prevent value co-destruction. The findings of the study will provide useful suggestions that will contribute to researchers and sectoral representatives.

Araştırmanın amacı, turistlerin sosyal iletişim ağlarında yaptıkları paylaşımlarla turistik bölge imajına yönelik ürettiği bilgilerin incelenmesidir. Bununla birlikte turistlerin paylaşımlarıyla benzer ilgi alanına sahip potansiyel müşteriler, turistik bölge ve işletme yöneticileri için üstlendiği bilgi üretici rolün değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç odağında, Adıyaman'daki turistik çekiciliklere yönelik TripAdvisor sitesinde yapılan yorumlar içerik ve tanımlayıcı analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, turistlerin Adıyaman'daki turistik çekiciliklere yönelik yorumları 11 kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Bu kategoriler: (i) doğal ve turistik kaynaklar, (ii) genel yatırımlar, (iii) turistik yatırımlar, (iv) turistik eğlence ve aktivite olanakları, (v) turistik eserlerin kültürel, tarihi ve mimari değeri (vi) ekonomik ve politik faktörler, (vii) doğal çevre, (viii) sosyal çevre, (ix) turistik bölgenin atmosferi, (x) yetkililer ve çalışanlar ve (xi) öneriler olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Turistlerin en fazla yorum yaptığı kategori (v) turistik eserlerin kültürel, tarihi ve mimari değeri iken, en az yorumlanan kategori (ii) genel yatırımlardır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, turistlerin bölgeye yönelik imaj algılarının turizm sektöründeki yöneticiler tarafından anlaşılmasına yardımcı olmakla kalmayacak, aynı zamanda turistlerin bilgi üretici rolünün turizm sektörü bağlamında incelenmesi konusunda araştırmacılara izlek oluşturacaktır.