Purpose of the Study:This study aims to identify the forms of directive politeness act found in the educational discourse, to describe the directive politeness act technique and to formulate directive politeness act that can be used to form the readers' character, especially the students in Indonesia. Methodology:This study used a qualitative approach with multi-column data analysis technique design. The data source of this study was the directive politeness speech act containing a message of character formation in the discourse of education column in the Daily National Newspaper (DNN) Kompas and Republika in the period from January 2018 to March 2018. The data analysis in this research was carried out while the data processing and data validation technique were being conducted. The data analysis is supported by the taxonomy data analysis technique of the Levinson model underlain by the Indonesian cultural background. Result:The research results report that the use of directive politeness acts, in the discourse of education column in the daily national newspaper, can be divided into the politeness act of advising (9.62%), supporting (9.62%), and instructing (9.62%), by which the greatest number is gained. The directive speech act strategy in the discourse of education column can be divided into two types: direct strategy (83%) and indirect strategy (17%). The implication of the directive politeness act in the discourse of education column of DNN can be formulated into 11 character building values, which are religiosity, honesty, harmony-tolerance, discipline, sincerity and hard work, creativity, independence, democracy, curiosity, love for the homeland, and appreciation for other people's works and achievements. The value of honesty, religiosity, and tolerance becomes the strong feature of the discourse of education column in DNN. The results describe that the thriving and excellent main capital in building Indonesia are divinity, harmony, unity, and tolerance. Implications:The values of character education become a worthwhile benchmark in the framework to instill educational values and build readers' independence and maturity in the Indonesian context.

The purpose of this study was to describe the attitude of patriotism planting in extracurricular activities scouts on the General Terms and Conditions Skills Special Skills in Dabin 5 UPTD Wirosari Subdistrict Grobogan. Type used is ethnographic qualitative research design. The research subjects were principals, teachers, and students. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used the analysis of the flow of the process of data collection, data reduction, display, and verification, conclusion. The validity of the data sources and data used triangulation. The research result is habituation attitude of patriotism at the General Proficiency Requirements can memorize at least three daily prayers, prayers can carry, can maintain the cleanliness of the room school or place of worship, are able to help someone in the vicinity, follow the flag ceremony with wisdom. Exemplary attitude of patriotism at the General Proficiency Requirements can use Indonesian well and correctly, not littering, can show true deference to the Red and White Flag, can be memorized to sing the national anthem Indonesia Raya. SKK is used to apply the attitude of patriotism is SKK singer, conductor SKK, SKK P3K, SKK Explorer / Searching for Traces, SKK Camping, SKK Greening.

Politeness strategies in primary school is the foundation of character building. This study aims to identify the power and orientation of positive politeness strategies used by the children at the age of elementary school as the character of Indonesian. This study applies qualitative research with single-case study strategy. The data source consists of all elementary school teachers and students in Surakarta and Yogyakarta. The data were collected by using active observation and focus group discussion.  The data are in the forms of  teaching materials. The data were analyzed using heuristic model proposed by Grice & Leech by applying the principles of reconciliation, cultural and social harmony. The result shows that the elementary school teachers and students having the Javanese cultural background indicated by (a) building the nature of psychological as the core of positive politeness and nation character by improving the empathy feeling, looking for the agreement, giving respect,  appreciating the achievement, and giving the profit to another; (b) prioritizing the duty instead of the rights; (c) creating the wise of directive act strategyby positioning the listener ; (d) respecting others to show the suavity and politeness. Therefore, the Javanese society in line with directive politeness action always put the environment society to keep its social-societal relationship. Keywords: directive politeness, harmony principle, javanese cultural,positive politeness, socio-societal AbstrakStrategi kesantunan di sekolah dasar adalah fondasi pembentukan karakter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kekuatan dan orientasi strategi kesantunan positif anak-anak di usia sekolah dasar sebagai karakter bangsa Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus tunggal. Sumber data terdiri dari semua guru sekolah dasar dan anak-anak usia SD di Surakarta dan Yogyakarta. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan observasi aktif dan diskusi kelompok fokus. Data tersebut berupa bahan ajar. Data dianalisis menggunakan model heuristik yang diajukan oleh Grice & Leech dengan menerapkan prinsip rekonsiliasi, budaya dan keharmonisan sosial. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa guru sekolah dasar dan anak-anak usia SD yang memiliki latar belakang budaya Jawa ditunjukkan dengan (a) membangun sifat psikologis sebagai inti dari kesantunan positif dan karakter bangsa dengan meningkatkan perasaan empati, mencari kesepakatan, memberikan rasa hormat, menghargai pencapaian, dan memberikan keuntungan kepada yang lain; (b) memprioritaskan tugas dan bukan hak; (c) menciptakan strategi tindakan yang efektif dengan memposisikan pendengar; (D) menghormati orang lain untuk menunjukkan kesantunan. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat Jawa sejalan dengan tindakan kesopanan direktif selalu menempatkan masyarakat lingkungan untuk menjaga hubungan sosial-kemasyarakatannya.Kata Kunci: kesantunan direktif, prinsip harmoni, budaya jawa, kesantunan positif, sosio-sosietal.

This research aims to identify (1) the formd of adverbial modality markers in Quran translation texts,and (2) the categories modified by the modality markers. The data of this research is all lingual units containing adverbial modality markerd in Quran translation texts that has language ethics. Data collection utilized reading and documentation techniques, whereas data analysis utilized identity and constituent analysis methods. The results of this research identify the forms of adverbial modality markers in Quran translation texts to be in base and derivative forms. The base forms mark the modality of certainty, sincerity, determina-tion, causality, and obligation. (1) Modality of certainty is marked by pasti, (2) Modality of sincerity is mar-ked by sungguh,). (3) Modality of determination is marked by tetap, (4) Modality of causality is marked with saling. (5) Modality of obligation is marked by harus,). The derivative forms include repetition, afixation, combination, and particleization. Repetition form marks modalities of (a) expectation, with marker mudah-mudahan and sekali-kali, (b) metaphorization, with markers seakan-akan. (2) Affixation form marks modali-ties of (a) sincerity, with marker sesungguhnya (b) imagination, with marker sekiranya,  berkehendak, and hendaknya which translate from (c) will, with marker berkehendak. (3) Word combination form marks modalities of (a) expectation, with marker insya Allah, insya Allah, hampir saja, and barangsiapa. (4) Particleization form is found on modalities janganlah, tentulah, tetaplah, hendaklah, and pastilah. Three cate-gories are found to be modified by the modality markers: (1) adjectives/ adjective phrase, (2) noun/noun phrase (frequencyand (3) verb/verb phrase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan bentuk adverbia penanda modalitas (APM) pada teks terjemahan Alquran (TTA), dan (2) mendeskripsikan kategori yang dimodifikatori adverbia penanda modalitas pada (TTA).   Data dalam penelitian ini adalah semua satuan lingual yang mengandung  adverbia penada modalitas pada TTA yang mengandung etika berbahasa. Teknik pengumpulan data  adalah teknik simak dan teknik catat. Analisis data menggunakan metode agih dan metode padan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk adverbia penanda modalitas (APM) pada TTA terdiri atas bentuk dasar dan bentuk turunan.    APM yang berupa bentuk dasar menandai modalitas kepastian, kesungguhan, ketetapan, keslingan, dan keharusan. (1) APM  kepastian dengan penanda pasti sepadan dengan BA لَ   (lam penguat), memang.  (2) APM kesungguhan dengan penanda sungguh, BA نإ (inna), قَدْ (qad) ((3:118),  dan (2) وَقَدْ خَلَتْ (waqad kholat) (46:17).   (3) APM ketetapan penanda tetap, BA أَصَرَّ- يصرُّ, (asoru-yasoru), (4) APM kesalingan, penanda saling, BA تَفَاعَلَ (taqaala).   (5) APM keharusan, penanda harus  لىيجب (yajabaal).   Bentuk turunan meliputi, bentuk ulang, berimbuhan,   gabungan, serta berpartikel.    (1) Bentuk ulang yang menandai modalitas (a) pengharapan dengan penanda mudah-mudahan dan sekali-kali, yakni لعل   (laala)-عسى (asyaya), dan لَنْ (lan)   (laala) dan عسى (asyaya), (b) peringatan (lan) لَنْ, dan (c) pengibaratan dengan penanda seakan-akan, adalah  كَأَن (ka’ana).    (2) Berimbuhan yang menandai modalitas (a) kesungguhan dengan penanda sesungguhnya (BA بَلْ (bal), (b) pengandaian penanda sekiranya لَو (lawa), APM  berkehendak, dan hendaknya berpadanan dengan BA يُرِيدُونَ (yuriduuna) (c) keinginan berkehendak, عُونَ (una).     (3) APM berbentuk  gabungan kata yang menandai modalitas (a) pengharapan insya Allah, insya Allah, hampir saja, dan barangsiapa.   (4) APM   berpartikel yang menandai modalitas janganlah, tentulah, tetaplah, hendaklah, dan pastilah.    (b) Kategori yang dimodifikatori adverbia penanda modalitas ada  lima  macam. (1) Adverbia penanda modalitas memodifikatori adjektiva/frasa adjektiva   (2) Adverbia penanda modalitas memodifikatori nomina/frasa nomina  (11 kali ). (3) Adverbia penanda modalitas memodifikatori verba/frasa verba (79 kata). (4)  APM memodifikatori Frase Preposisi, dan (5)  APM memodifikatori kata penunjuk

Combinatorial thinking is an important reasoning process in building one's knowledge and experience. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of the level of combinatorial thinking in solving mathematical problems. The subjects of the study were 40 students of Elementary Teacher Education Department (PGSD): 20 students of the second semester and the others of the sixth semester. The reason for choosing subjects from these two levels is to meet all levels of combinatorial thinking. All research subjects were given test questions about combinatorial problems. From 40 subjects, five students were selected to be interviewed as they had fulfilled all five levels of combinatorial thinking. The data validity was conducted by triangulation through recording interview results and comparing it with data from students' written test results to ensure the validity and reliability of this research. The results show that there are five levels of combinatorial thinking in solving mathematical problems: investigating “some cases’, systematically checking cases, using the calculation order, systematically generating all cases, and changing the problem into another combinatorial problem. Level one is the identification of the possibility of students’ understanding the questions incorrectly, or vice versa, already can answer the questions with systematic procedures but the results are less precise. Level two is conducting systematic checking about students' understanding of the combination material. Besides, it also concerns about the ability to answer problems systematically using diagram trees. Level three is students are able to apply the calculation orders, which are addition and multiplication. Level four is systematically generating all cases about the ability to calculate possibilities without schematic, drawings, or diagrams. Level five is changing the problem into another combinatorial problem, it is the ability to calculate possibilities with complex problems Based on the research findings, it turns out there is another level of combinatorial thinking, which is using the calculation order and this is found between level two and level three. The researchers recommend further research to explore more on the application of calculation order.