Background: Even though otorhinolaryngological injuries are relatively common, they are occasionally neglected, missed, and overlooked. Objective: The study aimed to analyze the Otorhinolaryngological manifestations in patients suffering from brain injury admitted in tertiary care unit. Study design: This analytical study was conducted at the Neurosurgery Department of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and Neurosurgery Department of Prime Teaching Hospital Peshawar for the duration of the six months from August 2021 to January 2022. Material and Methods: There were 448 patients that were admitted in the tertiary care unit with complaint of head injury. Only 365 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The ethical and review board committee of our hospital approved the study. The written consent was taken from the patients. Results: There were 75 (25%) patients who were linked with ENT manifestation. The patients having ENT manifestations included more male than female. The average age of the patients was 37.3 ± 15.3 years. The 52% came with minor injury in the head. It was seen that recovery rate was quite good in case of patients having ENT manifestations. Conclusion: In case of head injuries ENT injuries are seen commonly. Injuries in the soft tissues of nose, ear and face are some of the commonly observed findings some other findings like CSF rhinorrheas was also observed. There was no prominent link of ENT injury with the overall impact of hospital stay of the patients and the head injury. Keywords: CSF rhinorrheas and Otorhinolaryngological manifestations.
Background and Aim: Talus is the important tarsal bone that connects the leg two long bones with the human foot through the ankle joint. The current study aims to determine the incidence of neck bone modification of the talus. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 82 Tali of either gender in the Department of Anatomy, Saidu Medical College, Swat and Women Medical and Dental College Hospital, Abbottabad during the period from February 2021 to July 2021. Careful examination of the talar neck dorsal surface was carried out for the presence of facets either squatting or medial, gutter-shaped facets, combined facets, and trochlear surface extension. All the data gathered were tabulated and SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. Results: Of the total 82 human dry tali, the prevalence of lateral squatting facets, medial and bones squatting facets, gutter-shaped facets, and combined facets were 34 (41.5%), 13 (15.9%), 14 (17.1%), and 12 (14.6%) respectively. About 11 (13.4%) tali had no facets. Trochlear surface lateral extension and medial trochlear extension were observed in 70 (85.4%) and 9 (11%) respectively. Gutter, medial and combined facets were more common on the left side compared to the right side whereas on the right side, lateral squatting facets were more common. Lateral extensions were common in medial extensions. Conclusion: The occurrence of various types of squatting facets is caused by cultural habits, squatting position, and genetic inheritance. The dorsal surfaces modifications occurrence of the talus's neck serves as a critical anthropological factor in determining regional origin of unclaimed skeletons. Keywords: Talus, Squatting Facets, Bony modification
Aim: This study was conducted using the technique of visualization of the recurrent nerves to assess the frequency of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries in our setting. Methods: A total of 80 patients were selected for this study after a purposive sampling technique. All adult patients, regardless of age and gender, undergoing total thyroidectomy or hemi-thyroidectomy with written informed consent were included in this research. The subjects who had previously undergone thyroid surgery were not encompassed in the study. The thyroid status and preoperative analysis were made biochemically, histo-pathologically and clinically using fine needle aspiration cytology. SPSS version 21.0 was applied for data analysis. Results: The study involved 80 patients, 35 (43.8%) men and 45 (56.2%) women, and the proportion of male to female was 1.4: 2. The mean age was 46.1 years with 8.1 years standard deviation. The indications for thyroid surgery were different: solitary thyroid nodule (31.2%), multinodular goiter (47.5%) and thyroid gland carcinoma (21.3%). Some underwent a total thyroidectomy (52) and others had a hemi-thyroidectomy (28). The total incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries was unilateral and on right side in 3 cases (3.8%) established by fiber optic laryngoscopy (FOL). In both cases, the palsy was transient, as after six weeks of conservative treatment, these patients achieved full recovery of the paralyzed vocal cords. Conclusions: This analysis demonstrated that surgical exploration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve prevents undesirable nerve injury and thus reduces the frequency of paralysis of vocal cords. Therefore, we recommend routine RLN dissection and identification to minimize its injuries. Keywords: Recurrent laryngeal nerve, Injury, Vocal cords.
Background: Different pathological conditions are associated with the anatomical variations in glenoid cavity. For getting insights into these variations the anthropometric parameters knowledge is highly required. Objective: The purpose of the study was the determination of the anthropometric relationship present between the left and right side of the glenoid cavity of the scapula and the application of the obtained knowledge in the forensic medicine. Place and Duration: In the department of anatomy, Multan Medical and Dental College and Bacha Khan Medical Complex Swabi for six months duration, from January 2021 to June 2021. Material and Methods: The data of 190 patients included in the study, was collected from the anatomy department of our institute. The sample was withdrawn from the non-deformed and well macerated scapulae bone of the 190 patients. The calibrated sliding digital caliper was used to measure the anthropometric parameters of glenoid cavity. The glenoid height, width and index were calculated by SPSS software. Results: The 34.8±4.0 (R=38 ± 4.98 and L=27.9-46.78) and 24.9 ±3.90 (R=27.2 ± 3.43 and L=20.1- 36) was the calculated mean standard deviation of Maximum glenoid height (MGH) and Maximum glenoid width (MGW) respectively. The statistically significant and greater values of MGH and MGW on the right side were obtained by using ANOVA and t-test. While calculated values of glenoid Index (GI) was smaller on the right side as compared to the left. Conclusion: The kinanthropological applications of the scapula are indicated by the study that which side can be more commonly used. This study provides with in-depth knowledge of biological profiling and develops better understanding required during reconstruction of the damaged skeleton. Keywords: Glenoid cavity, Maximum glenoid height (MGH), Maximum glenoid width (MGW).
Objective: The purpose of the current research was to investigate the morphology and histology of placentas collected from moms who had PIH and to compare those results to placentas taken from women who had normal pregnancies. Study Design: The study was conducted at Anatomy department of Women Medical and Dental College Hospital Abbottabad and Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College, Mirpur, AJK during the period from February 2021 to July 2021. Place and Duration: Observational/comparative study Methods: In this study total 80 pregnancies, 40 normal placenta’s and 40 hypertensive placenta’s were presented. At first, the physical aspects of placentas, also known as their morphological traits, were noted. In order to investigate the histology, pieces of each placenta measuring 5 millimetres in thickness were removed. After this, the tissue underwent further histological processing, after which it was fixed in formal saline at a concentration of 10 percent. It was noted down how much newborns weighed at birth. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results: Placental weight, size, surface area and number of cotyledons were decreased in hypertensive placentas, whereas regions of infarction, retroplacental clot, and calcification were increased. Hyalinized villi and atherosclerosis have been reported in hypertensive placentas (p0.05). Foetal mortality and morbidity were closely linked to these alterations. We also found that among women with high blood pressure who had the aforementioned histological alterations in their placentas, the risk of foetal death and morbidity was higher. Conclusion: We concluded that, PIH reduces placenta weight and size. Changes in utero-placental blood flow may induce placental insufficiency. It affects newborn birth weight. PIH impacts placenta shape, histology, and foetal development. Keywords: Placenta, Pregnancy-induced hypertension, Histological, Morphological, Mortality, Morbidity
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