Background and Aim: The increasing prevalence of drug resistance eventually leads scientist to discover new drugs that could solve the problem. Since ancient immemorial times, medicinal plants generally known as herbs were widely used in every culture throughout the world. In fact, currently up to 70,000 plant species have been screened for biological activities and about 70% ends up for commercialization. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the potential cytotoxic and antibacterial effect of Syzygium polyanthum leaves which are local Malaysia plants, against 4T1 and MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells, respectively, and also against bacteria causing mastitis in cows. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxic effect of hydromethanolic extract of S. polyanthum against 4T1 and MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cells was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The cells were treated with the concentration of extracts ranging from 15.63 μg/mL to 1000 μg/ml for 72 h, and the percentage of cell survivability was determined based on minimum concentration that was able to allow at least 50% growth of cancer cells (IC50) after 72 h. The antibacterial activity was tested against common bacteria causing mastitis in cow. The bacteria were isolated from milk samples. The antibacterial activity of the extract was determined by disk diffusion method and susceptibility test based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, and Staphylococcus intermedius were isolated from the milk samples that positive for mastitis. The MIC values range from 7.12 mm to 13.5 mm. The extract exhibits the widest zone of inhibition (13.5±0.20 mm) at 1000 mg/ml of concentrations. The extract relatively has low cytotoxicity effect against 4T1 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 672.57±59.42 and 126.05±50.89 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: S. polyanthum exerts weak antibacterial activity and cytotoxic effect to mammary carcinoma cells. The extract does not toxic to cells. However, further study is recommended, especially, this plant should be tested for in vivo.
Fiber reinforced composite structures are widely used in the aerospace, aircraft, civil and automotive applications due to their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios and these applications require joining composite either to composite or to metal. There are three main methods for joining composite structures namely, bonding, mechanically fastened or a combination of the two. Bolted joint are preferred in structures where the disassembly is required for the purpose of maintenance and repair. Due to the stress concentration around the holes, bolted joints often represents the weakest part in the structure, and therefore it is important to design them safely. A review on the study of bolted joints in fiber reinforced composite structure is presented. It was found that the behavior of bolted joints in composite structure is affected by many factors, such as geometry, joint material, clamping–load provided by the bolts, ply orientations, etc. Accordingly, various researches have been conducted on the analyses of stress distribution, failure prediction, and strength properties of bolted joint both experimentally and numerically. Accurate prediction of stresses in bolted joints is essential for reliable design of the whole structure; if it is not optimally designed, premature and unexpected failures may be occurred.
Mobile banking refers to the use of smart phones or other mobile devices to perform tasks online banking from your home computer, such as monitoring the account balances, transfer of funds between accounts, pay bills and prepaid top-up. Mobile banking is a new strategy for the bank to enhance their latest technology in a new dynamic marketing environment. The low penetration of mobile banking in Malaysia, especially in terms of adoption patterns is becoming the research interest, especially when compared to the total number of cellular telephone subscriptions. The penetration rate of mobile banking in Malaysia is still in the minority. One of the issues identified by a few researchers is the perception of trust. This article will discuss along the trust issue and its constituents and then after the intention to use of mobile banking services. The bank should enhance their strategy to improve and develop new strategy in order to gain more utilization and adoption on intention to use. This article attempts to discuss on the element of trust to benefit the service provider in Malaysia.
Abstract-This paper reports the feedback from respondents in relation to the implementation of Persuasive Multimedia Learning Awareness in preventing child sexual abuse in Malaysia. A qualitative method using unstructured interview has been selected as a technique of gathering information in order to identify the current children awareness toward sexual abuse and current child sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in Malaysia. Four respondents have been selected to participate in this interview: a representative from the Department of Social Welfare, government agency involved in making Child Protection Policy; a representative from Women's Centre for Change (WCC), Penang, an NGO involved in prevention program, a representative from Family Law Division, Department of Islamic Affairs, State of Kedah (JAIK) and a primary school teacher. The findings from this preliminary investigation confirm that in Malaysia, there is a need to educate children about child sexual abuse and there is still lacking of educational materials that utilize multimedia and computer technology that teach children about personal safety. In conclusion, the implementation of Persuasive Multimedia Learning need to be designed and developed to educate children and to increase their awareness level of any situations that might negatively affect their personal safety and to provide guidelines for the children on how to act appropriately when these situations arise.
The purpose of this paper is to perform a systematic literature review (SLR) on lean manufacturing (LM) adoption in Malaysia while highlighting research trends and gaps from this literature. The SLR involved analysing 163 scholarly articles from international journals and conference proceedings published between the year 2005 to 2019. The articles are classified as literature review, conceptual paper, case study, and survey research. These articles were also grouped into nine meaningful research themes, named: (1) lean definitions, (2) sustaining lean adoption, (3) motivations to adopt lean, (4) lean benefits, (5) results from lean adoption, (6) lean implementation barriers, (7) lean success factors, (8) lean implementation/ assessment models, and (9) lean integration with other management practices. The review findings shall help scholars and practitioners to identify research opportunities, design their future studies and/or implementation strategies, accordingly.
In this paper three-dimensional finite element method analysis and experimental flashless cold forging of aluminium front and back hubs, and the blade of an autonomous underwater vehicle propeller are presented. The rigid—plastic finite element simulation is performed using Deform F-3V6.0, to estimate the optimum load required for the flashless cold forging. The complex profiles of the hubs and blade are modelled using Solidworks SP4.02007, which is also used for the modelling of the workpiece and die-punch assembly. The workpiece used is of AISI AL6061 and the die material is die steel (AISI D2). The process is optimized to form the propeller back and front hubs, and the blade. For all the models, three workpieces with different specifications are selected and investigated to obtain the optimum workpiece that gives flashless cold forging with no underfilling. Based on the simulation results, the flashless cold forging is successfully done on a 100 tonne C-type machine. The experimental forged samples conform well with the simulated models.
Finite element (FE) method is extensively employed in solving linear and non-linear problems and widely used particularly in analyzing a forming process. It enables the analysis on internal properties such as stress effective, forming load, metal flow and deformation to be performed, in which results in an increase on the performance of forging process. Heading process which is often performed in conjunction with other cold forging process has been simulated by FE-code DEFORM TM F3 v6.0. The numerical results were analyzed to evaluate the effect of the fillet size and the friction value on the cold heading process. It was found that the heading process provided good precision and productivity as the size of fillet was increased; due to intensification of the metal flow to infuse the die cavity. On the other hand, the friction value also played an important role in governing the reaction force between workpiece and punch in the process.
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