BACKGROUNDChild sexual abuse (CSA) has serious consequences that can affect the physical, social and mental health of a child. In the last two decades, concern about CSA has increased around the world including Saudi Arabia.OBJECTIVEEvaluate factors associated with parental perceptions and knowledge of CSA.DESIGNCross-sectional survey.SETTINGSPrimary health care clinic.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSimple random sampling was used to select participants. The main tool for data collection was a self-administered questionnaire.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESFactors associated with knowledge and perceptions of CSA.SAMPLE SIZE400.RESULTSMost respondents (69%) had good knowledge of the signs of sexual abuse in children. For perception scores, statistically significant variables were age (P=.004), educational level (P=.005), income (P<.001), number of wives (P=.004), number of male children (P=.021), and number of female children (P=.027). For knowledge scores, statistically significant variables were income (P=.008), number of wives (P<.005), number of male children (P=.003) and number of female children (P<.003). Logistic regression showed that the older age group was significantly associated with a good perception score (P<.046).CONCLUSIONSRisk factors for parental lack of knowledge and poor perception associated with CSA are poverty and low education. Protective factors included the older parent age, size of the family and families with more than one wife. Education should be designed for parents and the community to increase the knowledge and perception of CSA.LIMITATIONSSingle-center study and short study period.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Organic materials are important resources for the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties. This study was carried out to examine the impact of tillage and organic matter on some soil structural indices. The study was designed in a split-plot Randomized Complete Block with four replications. Hoe tillage and no-tillage were assigned to the main plot, whilst the subplot comprised cowpea residue, cattle manure, maize residues, elephant grass and control (no organic residue applied). The soil physical parameters measured were bulk density, total porosity, volumetric water content and aggregate stability. Bulk density was lower in the 2013 minor season than in the 2014 major season for all the treatments (1.34 Mg m -3 -1.51 Mg m -3 ). Porosity ranged from 42.98-49.28% in the second season (2013 minor season). The cattle manure treated plots produced the highest volumetric water content of 20.25% and the control gave the lowest value of 16.20% at the end of the last growing season (2014 major season). The highest aggregate stability (74.91%) was recorded on cattle manure plots whilst the control gave the lowest value (71.11%). Crop residues were identified to be good source of organic material for the improvement of soil physical properties.

We sought to determine whether electrode placement influenced time to rehospitalization. A retrospective review of an elderly, depressed population that had received bitemporal, bifrontal or 6 x RUL ECT was examined to determine time to rehospitalization. Bitemporal ECT was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the number of (P = 0.026) and time to (P = 0.025), rehospitalization. Bitemporal ECT may be a preferred electrode placement, not only because of its demonstrated effectiveness across a range of diagnoses, but for its previously undocumented capacity to delay rehospitalization.