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A highly efficient green protocol for palladium acetate-catalysed ligand-free Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in neat ‘water extract of banana (WEB)’ was developed. Suzuki–Miyaura reaction proceeds in WEB at very short reaction times under ‘ligand/external base/external promoters/organic medium’ free conditions.

Chitosan stabilised copper-iron oxide nanocomposite material is found to be a very efficient recyclable/reusable heterogeneous catalyst for azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction under mild condition. The as-synthesized nanocomposite material is magnetically recoverable and reusable at least up to four times without significant loss in their catalytic activity. The catalytic system is found to be highly useful for the regioselective synthesis of a wide range of 1,2,3-triazoles from various azides and alkynes.

A recyclable/reusable Pd(OAc)2 catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction condition in neat "Water Extract of Rice Straw Ash" (WERSA) at room temperature was developed. This is a ligand/base/promoter/additive/organic media free protocol.

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