Pd(OAc)₂ in WERSA: a novel green catalytic system for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions at room temperature

Abstract

A recyclable/reusable Pd(OAc)2 catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction condition in neat "Water Extract of Rice Straw Ash" (WERSA) at room temperature was developed. This is a ligand/base/promoter/additive/organic media free protocol.

Extraction of Base from Eichhornia crassipes and Its Implication in Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction

“…[36] It was reported that roots, bulbs, and leaves contain a large distribution of K, Na, Mg, Ca, and P. [36] However, a detailed characterization of the water extract reveals a comparatively higher weight percent of alkali metals than that of various reported waste biomass like banana peels, decayed papaya bark, rice straw etc. [38][39][40] The exceptional property of this AWEH (Ash Water Extract of Water Hyacinth) may likely be due to the formation of metal oxides Figure 1.Preparation of water extract and their activity in Suzuki-Coupling or hydroxides in their ash water extract that imparts outstanding basicity which directs the coupling reaction to an external base free condition. As such the water extract (AWEH) contributes a dual role in the synthesis of biaryl derivative, i.e via in situ base cum reaction media (solvent system).…”

A Quick, Efficient and Simple Protocol for Synthesis of Bimetallic Nickel‐Palladium Nanoparticles: Effective Catalyst for Biaryl Synthesis

“…Recyclability of a heterogeneous system serves as an ideal factor in order to establish the efficiency of the catalyst both from economic and greener point of view. [35] To investigate the level of reusability of the prepared PdÀNi bimetallic nanocatalytic system, consecutive Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of 4bromoanisole and phenylboronic acid was carried out. After the first reaction cycle, diethyl ether was added to the reaction mixture followed by centrifugation.…”

Palladium‐catalysed room‐temperature Suzuki–Miyaura coupling in water extract of pomegranate ash, a bio‐derived sustainable and renewable medium

“…Although recently some efficient methodologies have been developed for SMC by avoiding external base and ligands, there is still a demand to develop new synthetic protocols since unexpected results can be seen in SMC by a small change of reaction conditions like temperature, ligand, base, nature of substrates, solvent, etc . Typical trends in substrate selectivity and reactivity may be broken .…”

“…[41][42][43][44][45][46] Nevertheless, most of these are operated in harsh conditions [41] or require organic solvents [42,43] and additives such as surfactants [44,45] and polymers. [46] Although recently some efficient methodologies have been developed for SMC by avoiding external base and ligands, [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] there is still a demand to develop new synthetic protocols since unexpected results can be seen in SMC by a small change of reaction conditions like temperature, ligand, base, nature of substrates, solvent, etc. [55] Typical trends in substrate selectivity and reactivity may be broken.…”