To develop eco-friendly alternative control strategies for medfly, mass trapping trials were conducted in the central Morocco during the crop season 2016. Two control methods, mass trapping and the attract-and-kill technique were compared for the control of medfly on two peach varieties (?Rome Star? and ?Ryan Sun?) in Sefou district. For mass trapping, 62 traps/1.23 ha of MagnetTMMed type baited with ammonium acetate, trimethylamine, putrescine and 0.01 g of deltamethrin were installed on both varieties. In plots testing the attract-and-kill technique, treatments with malathion in mixture with protein hydrolyzate were applied to straw tufts attached to branches of the same varieties whenever 1 fly was caught on a Trimedlure trap installed at the center of each plot. The results showed that the number of flies captured by mass trapping reached 508 and 489 adults on ?Rome Star? and ?Ryan Sun?, respectively. The average number varied from 1 to 3 adults/trap/day, depending on the date of capture and the variety, and females accounted for 62-100% of total caught flies. In plots protected by the attract-and-kill technique, and taking into account the threshold adopted by the farm, 11 and 15 treatments were carried out respectively on the ?Ryan Sun? and ?Rome Star? varieties. Overall, infestation rates in plots did not exceed 0.3% before or at harvest with mass trapping versus 0.9% with the attract-and-kill technique. On fruit dropped on the ground, the infestation rate did not exceed 4% in mass trapping, compared to 11.5% in the chemically treated plots. Mass trapping was therefore proved to be an effective and eco-friendly tool for managing medfly on peach fruit.
Four hundred and eighty brown citrus aphid T. aurantii colonies from ten cohorts were followed and referred from middle of April to end of May in several citrus orchards in the Gharb area during 2006 et 2007 years. This pest would prefer to colonize the S1 and S2 citrus leaves stages but all other studied stages would be predisposed to be also colonized. The colonies of indeterminate foundation were the most important, followed by those founded by the apterous ones (e. g. summer colonies) and also those resulting from alatae one (e. g. spring colonies). Immigration of alates is also discussed. T. aurantii regulation factors are multiple (17 sources) and may act individually or combined. A significante difference of mortality level of T. aurantii colonies was noted and discussed between regulation's origins. Coccinellidae is the most efficient predators of T. aurantii, with A. decempunctata and i (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae). Impact of beneficial such as A. decempunctata, C. septempunctata, A. decempunctata in association with C. septempunctata on aphid regulation is respectively from 5 to 48.33% ; 5 to 16.7%, and 5 to 18.33%. Impact of other regulation’s origins such as temperature and old leaves on aphid mortality is respectively from 8 to 55% and 3.33 to 40%. Others predators such as Aphidoletes Aphidimyza Rond. (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae), Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera : chrysopidae) and Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera : Syrphidae), affect also T. aurantii colonies. The impact of theses indigenous beneficial species, acting individually or with ladybird on colony survival is low, except for A. decempunctata in association with E. balteatus with a maximum of 10%.
IntroductionThe modernization of the arboriculture sector and its arboreal intensification requires the control of all production factors, including irrigation, fertilization and plant protection. The green Apple aphid, Aphispomi, is among the pests that must be watched and controlled.It can be developedin a fairly rapid way in favorable conditions. Thus, it is considered the second major scourge of Apple after Cydiapomnella. It is known by its polyphagia and mainly by its resistance to several active substances such as pyrethroid and neonicotinoid [1] . In addition to the Apple tree, on which the green apple aphid is considered very harmful, it also attacks other Rosaceae core and sometimes also other Rosaceaepip [2,3]. The stomata closure is the most important tool adopted by plants to reduce water losses in a situation of water stress [4] .This closure will result in physiological, morphological and phenological changes. The CO2 input is also prevented when the closure causes the disruption of the photosynthetic activity. Closing traps much of the energy to be dissipated by translation, which results in the increase of leaf temperature. Previous studies have shown the effect of aphids on plant photosynthesis [6] and on the induction of gene involved in the senescence of leaves [7]. In contrast, the abundance of aphids was affected by the physiological state of host plant [8], in particular, the nitrogen status in the plant [9,10]. Moreover, the water status of plant tissues can affect the growth of aphid by making it difficult of tap the phloem exudate [11]. In addition, several studies reported that development of pests is favored by the performance of plant growth [12,13] The soil and plants water stress influenced the growth rate of aphid's population on Cowpea. Thus, the number of aphids per plant was significantly lower in the aphid-resistant varieties than that observed in the aphidsusceptible varieties [4]. Therefore, the current study aimed at work we will evaluating the ability of strategically using nitrogen fertilization and irrigation practices through their positive impact on plant growth and water and nitrogen status of the plant tissues to control the green apple green aphid infestations. The impact of water and nitrogen depletion on AbstractThis work aims to establish an ecologically integrated strategy for pest management to assess the impact of water and nitrogen depletion on Aphis pomi infestation in the Apple orchard.The results of the study of the impact on the green Apple aphid show a significant effect on the availability of water and nitrogen on the level of Aphis pomi infestation. Indeed, the normal fertigation regime (T1 = 100%) proved to be more favorable to a prominent development of aphids, in comparison with a 25% water and nitrogen deficit regime (T2 = 75%), that minimize infestation. As for the evolution of wingless aphid and green aphid with wing, the Aphis pomi, at both regimes, the general shape of the evolution of winged curves looks like the one of the wingless ones, with...
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