The healing of oral lesions that are associated with diabetes mellitus is a matter of great concern. Bioactive glass is a highly recommended bioceramic scaffold for bone and soft tissue regeneration. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel formula of bioactive glass nanofibers in enhancing oral mucosal wound regeneration in diabetes mellitus. Bioactive glass nanofibres (BGnf) of composition (1–2) mol% of B2O3, (68–69) mol% of SiO2, and (29–30) mol% of CaO were synthesized via the low-temperature sol-gel technique followed by mixing with polymer solution, then electrospinning of the glass sol to produce nanofibers, which were then subjected to heat treatment. X-Ray Diffraction analysis of the prepared nanofibers confirmed its amorphous nature. Microstructure of BGnf simulated that of the fibrin clot with cross-linked nanofibers having a varying range of diameter (500–900 nm). The in-vitro degradation profile of BGnf confirmed its high dissolution rate, which proved the glass bioactivity. Following fibers preparation and characterization, 12 healthy New Zealand male rabbits were successfully subjected to type I diabetic induction using a single dose of intravenous injection of alloxan monohydrate. Two weeks after diabetes confirmation, the rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (control and experimental groups). Bilateral elliptical oral mucosal defects of 10 × 3.5 mm were created in the maxillary mucobuccal fold of both groups. The defects of the experimental group were grafted with BGnf, while the other group of defects considered as a control group. Clinical, histological, and immune-histochemical assessment of both groups of wounds were performed after one, two and three weeks’ time interval. The results of the clinical evaluation of BGnf treated defects showed complete wound closure with the absence of inflammation signs starting from one week postoperative. Control defects, on the other hand, showed an open wound with suppurative exudate. On histological and immunohistochemical level, the BGnf treated defects revealed increasing in cell activity and vascularization with the absence of inflammation signs starting from one week time interval, while the control defects showed signs of suppurative inflammation at one week time interval with diminished vascularization. The results advocated the suitability of BGnf as bioscaffold to be used in a wet environment as the oral cavity that is full of microorganisms and also for an immune-compromised condition as diabetes mellitus.

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INTRODUCTION: Comminuted fractures of the mandible are an important traumatism, in which the mandibular bone is splintered or crushed. Treatment of these types of fractures had always been a challenge to surgeons, considering both the severity of the trauma and the presence of discontinuity defects which require replacement and augmentation in order to treat the bone loss. Titanium mesh was proved to be particularly useful for reconstruction of mandibular discontinuity defects also it can be used as a scaffold for bone grafts. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a coating technique used to increase the osseointegration and increases bone regeneration. OBJECTIVES: To histologically evaluate the effect of titanium mesh coated with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals using electrophoretic deposition on bone osseointegration and healing following comminuted mandibular fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A controlled induced comminuted fracture on the inferior border of the mandible extending from the 2 nd premolar to the 2 nd molar was performed on 12 mongrel dogs. Six dogs were treated using titanium mesh coated with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (study group) and the other six using uncoated titanium mesh (control group). The dogs were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks and the specimens were dissected to be histologically and radiographically evaluated for new bone formation. RESULTS: The histological outcome showed superior bone healing in the bony defects in the resembling comminuted fracture in the study group than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The nano-hydroxyapatite coated titanium mesh is a suitable method for reconstruction of comminuted fractures with bony defects.

INTRODUCTION: Back in time dentists used to place implants in locations with sufficient bone-dimensions only, with less regard to placement of final definitive restoration but most of the times, the placement of implant is not as accurate as intended and even a minor variation in comparison to ideal placement causes difficulties in fabrication of final prosthesis. The use of bone substitutes and membranes is now one of the standard therapeutic approaches. In order to accelerate healing of bone graft over the bony defect, numerous techniques utilizing platelet and fibrinogen concentrates have been introduced in the literature.. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of using Autologous Concentrated Growth Factors (CGF) Enriched Bone Graft Matrix (Sticky Bone) and CGF-Enriched Fibrin Membrane in management of dehiscence defect around dental implant in narrow maxillary anterior ridge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven DIO implants were inserted in six adult patients presenting an upper alveolar ridge width of less than 4mm determined by cone beam computed tomogeraphy (CBCT). After implant placement, the resultant vertical labial dehiscence defect was augmented utilizing Sticky Bone and CGF-Enriched Fibrin Membrane. Three CBCTs were made, pre-operatively, immediately postoperatively and six-months post-operatively. The change in vertical defect size was calculated radiographically then statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Vertical dehiscence defect was sufficiently recovered in 5 implant-sites while in the other 6 sites it was decreased to mean value of 1.25 mm ± 0.69 SD, i.e the defect coverage in 6 implants occurred with mean value of 4.59 mm ±0.49 SD. Also the results of the present study showed that the mean of average implant stability was 59.89 mm ± 3.92 CONCLUSIONS: The combination of PRF mixed with CGF with bone graft (allograft) can increase the quality (density) of the newly formed bone and enhance the rate of new bone formation.

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INTRODUCTION:A cleft is a universal and non-standardized defect. To overcome stigmatization; cleft repair is essential to normalize the facial appearance. Thus, different surgical techniques and modifications have been developed. These techniques are based on three surgical approaches: The straight-line (Rose-Thompson), rotation-advancement (upper lip Z-plasty), and the triangular flap (lower lip Z-plasty). OBJECTIVES: Comparing the effectiveness of rotation-advancement approach to the straight-line approach in repairing unilateral cleft lip. METHODOLOGY: A prospective control clinical trial of twelve patients with unilateral cleft lip (aged between 1-and 24 months) was conducted. These patients were randomly selected and equally divided into two groups of 6 participants, each group was operated on with Millard or Fisher incisions. Caliper measurements of the lip and nose were recorded preoperatively. The analysis was based on a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the cleft side versus the non-cleft side for 3 outcomes (the constructed philtral ridge, the degree of labial scar, and degree of nasal symmetry) which were all used to assess the aesthetic difference between the two incisions. These outcomes were measured postoperatively at 6 months. Both Chi-square and Mann Whitney tests were used for statistical comparison of outcomes. RESULTS:The nasal asymmetry improved in both groups with a better result in cases operated on with Fisher; which was statistically significant at (2.201 * (0.028 * ). Medial lip height was increased in both groups with no statistical significance. The difference was statistically significant for the increase of lateral lip height of both groups at a P-value of <0.05. CONCLUSION: Nasolabial appearance in both incisions was satisfactory. Lip dimensions were improved in both groups. Due to the ''BACK CUT'' use; the lateral lip height was better with the Millard. Meanwhile, the nasal symmetry showed better results with the Fisher due to the definite preoperative measurements. Therefore, neither Fisher nor Millard incision was predominantly better than the other.

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INTRODUCTION: Implant placement in the maxillary posterior alveolar ridge is often complicated by post extraction bone resorption, pneumatization of maxillary sinuses, and poor quality of alveolar bone. In these situations, the residual vertical bone height is reduced making standard implant placement difficult. Elevation of the maxillary sinus floor using the lateral antral approach is one possible solution. Palatal window osteotomy approach for maxillary sinus floor lifting is a new surgical technique used to increase vertical bone height prior to implant placement. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed for clinical evaluation of the maxillary sinus lifting technique using a palatal approach versus buccal approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: this study was carried out as a randomized controlled clinical trial, the study sample included 14 patients. The sample was selected conveniently to fulfill a list of inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients were divided into two equal groups, had gone maxillary sinus lifting together with implant placement, group1 :(study group) seven patients had sinus lifting through the palatal approach technique simultaneously with implant insertion. In group2 (control group) seven patients had maxillary sinus lifting using buccal antral approach technique simultaneously with implant insertion. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was done through 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Regarding postoperative clinical evaluation, group 1 was superior to that of group 2 in tissue management, because the vestibular anatomy in this group was not altered neither postoperative swelling occurred consequently nor disharmonious soft tissue scarring. Regarding the postoperative radiographic evaluation, group 1 was significantly increased in bone density around dental implants and less marginal bone loss postoperatively, however group 2 had higher vertical amount of bone gained around implants postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The palatal sinus lifting approach permitted higher postoperative comfort, less postoperative edema, less marginal bone loss around implants, and higher bone density around implants postoperatively.