The Use of Titanium Mesh Coated With Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals in Mandibular Fracture (Experimental Study)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Comminuted fractures of the mandible are an important traumatism, in which the mandibular bone is splintered or crushed. Treatment of these types of fractures had always been a challenge to surgeons, considering both the severity of the trauma and the presence of discontinuity defects which require replacement and augmentation in order to treat the bone loss. Titanium mesh was proved to be particularly useful for reconstruction of mandibular discontinuity defects also it can be used as a scaffold for bone grafts. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a coating technique used to increase the osseointegration and increases bone regeneration. OBJECTIVES: To histologically evaluate the effect of titanium mesh coated with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals using electrophoretic deposition on bone osseointegration and healing following comminuted mandibular fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A controlled induced comminuted fracture on the inferior border of the mandible extending from the 2 nd premolar to the 2 nd molar was performed on 12 mongrel dogs. Six dogs were treated using titanium mesh coated with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals (study group) and the other six using uncoated titanium mesh (control group). The dogs were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 6 weeks and the specimens were dissected to be histologically and radiographically evaluated for new bone formation. RESULTS: The histological outcome showed superior bone healing in the bony defects in the resembling comminuted fracture in the study group than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The nano-hydroxyapatite coated titanium mesh is a suitable method for reconstruction of comminuted fractures with bony defects.

Evaluation of Bone Augmentation Under Perforated and Non Perforated Ceramic Space Maintaining Device (Experimental Study)

“…Follow up phase -The experimental dogs were transferred to a clean cage to be observed for the signs of infection, wound dehiscence or any complication. Any alter in coat display, dietary habits, or actions was observed very closely (18). -Sacrification of the dogs was done 12 weeks after surgery via euthanasia using overdose of intravenous anesthetic sodium pentobarbital which induce profound depression of the central nervous system followed by death (17).…”

Titanium Mesh Coated With Natural Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals in Orbital Reconstruction (Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial)

“…Because of the poor mechanical properties of HA, it has been utilized as a coating on metallic material's surfaces to combine the substrate's strength and hardness with HA's bioactivity. It's also been proposed that applying HA coatings to metal can improve its corrosion resistance and lessen metallic ion release while also enhancing its bone bonding capacity (12,13). A hydroxyapatite nano-crystalline bone graft has been presented for intrabony defect augmentation treatments.…”

“…When used as a bone graft substitute in both human and animal applications, crucial size deficiencies quickly healed. (12)(13)(14). By stimulating osteoblast activity, HA nanocrystals bond to bone and promote bone repair.…”

Titanium Membranes with Hydroxyapatite/Titania Bioactive Ceramic Coatings: Characterization and In Vivo Biocompatibility Testing

“…The earlier published experimental studies of the biocompatibility of membranes with bioactive coatings have been carried out with in vitro , or a number of in vivo studies. There were experiments with animal models of a critical size defect in the rat cranium and defects in the lateral aspect of the rabbit mandible and in the inferior border of the dog mandible among in vivo studies. We also note that the mentioned papers (with in vivo results) were focused on the histological analysis of novel bone formation at the interface.…”

“…Phase and chemical compositions, morphology, mechanical properties, biocorrosion, and in vitro biocompatibility showed the best performance as a cranioplasty implant for HAp-coated titanium meshes. As an alternative approach, at the same time, HAp nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 60 nm were deposited by electrophoresis on the titanium meshes with ultrasonic assistance and the next sintering at 1000 °C for 6 h. In accordance with studied in vivo dog models, enhanced healing of bone defects (such as mandibular fractures) was found using histological evaluations, which detected complete bone regeneration after 6 weeks. The technique, called the “molecular precursor method” with annealing, allowed preparing a thin HAp coating with a Ca/P ratio of 1.67, which demonstrated with an in vivo rabbit model an increased bone forming rate compared to the noncoated samples (8.33 ± 1.21 vs 3.43 ± 0.45%, respectively) after 12 weeks.…”