Data about the stigmatization of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Recent statistics from Saudi Ministry of Health showed that 77% of HIV-positive Saudis were males. The present study analyzed data from 162 Saudi male college students. The findings suggest that students who knew less about HIV/AIDS were more likely to stigmatize persons living with HIV/AIDS than those who knew more. Neither degree of religiosity nor worry about HIV infection was related to AIDS stigma. However, AIDS-related shame was the best predictor of AIDS stigma. The findings of this study point to important suggestions for AIDS prevention programs in Saudi Arabia.
A review of the antiretroviral therapy (ART) literature revealed that not a single published study has examined the factors that influence patients' adherence to HIV medications in the Arab world. To mend this gap, this qualitative study collected data via face-to-face interviews with 27 HIV-positive Egyptian women who had been on ART for at least three months. Using a thematic analysis technique, five themes were identified: fear of stigma, financial constraints, characteristics of ART, social support, and reliance on faith. Notwithstanding the overwhelming number of inhibiting factors, most patients in this study were highly motivated to achieve perfect adherence.
AIDS stigma is a challenge to controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic especially in more conservative cultures. This study explored the impact of knowledge about HIV and AIDS, and the impact of shame, on the stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS in the Arab world. Survey data were collected from 277 female college students in 3 Arab countries: Kuwait, Bahrain and Jordan. Only in Bahrain was knowledge about HIV and AIDS inversely related to negative attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS. AIDS-related shame, however, was a strong predictor of AIDS stigma in all 3 countries. HIV education is needed for young people in Arab countries, especially women, both for their own health and to reduce the problem of AIDS stigma. Rôle de la honte dans la stigmatisation des personnes atteintes du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : étude réalisée sur des lycéennes dans trois pays arabes RÉSUMÉ La stigmatisation du sida constitue un obstacle en matière de lutte contre l'épidémie de VIH/sida, en particulier au sein des cultures conservatrices. Cette étude portait sur les conséquences du niveau de connaissance sur le VIH et le sida et de la honte suscitée par la maladie, sur la stigmatisation des personnes vivant avec le VIH/ sida dans le monde arabe. Les données de cette étude ont été recueillies auprès de 277 étudiantes dans trois pays arabes : Bahreïn, la Jordanie et le Koweït. Bahreïn s'est révélé le seul pays où le niveau de connaissance sur le VIH/sida est inversement proportionnel aux attitudes négatives à l'égard des personnes vivant avec le virus. La honte associée au sida constitue toutefois un facteur prédictif important de la stigmatisation de la maladie dans les trois pays. L'éducation en matière de VIH est nécessaire auprès des jeunes des pays arabes, notamment des femmes, tant pour préserver leur propre santé que pour réduire le problème de la stigmatisation du sida.املتوسط لرشق الصحية املجلة عرش السادس املجلد التاسع العدد 983
Objectives The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) pandemic is wreaking havoc on health care systems and causing serious economic, social, and psychological anguish around the globe. Health care workers who diagnose and care for COVID-19 patients have been shown to suffer burnout, stress and anxiety. Methods In this study, we collected data from 150 frontline health care workers who had close contact with COVID-19 patients at several health facilities in the Sultanate of Oman. The participants completed an online survey that included the Perceived Stress Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index Results The study found that a substantial number of health care professionals experienced relatively high levels of stress and anxiety, as well as suboptimal levels of well-being. Perceived stress and anxiety were significant predictors of health care workers’ well-being. Conclusions. This study adds to the increasing literature indicating harmful effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of health care workers.
Events such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and disease outbreaks are associated with psychiatric morbidities, including sleep disturbance. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused or aggravated pre-existing mental health conditions among frontline health care workers (HCWs).A study 1 from China reported that 36% of hospital staff experienced insomnia during the crisis. In the high-insomnia group, females and nurses were more likely to be anxious and depressed. We examined sleep quality in a sample of 150 physicians (39.3%) and nurses (60.7%) who cared for patients with COVID-19 in Oman. Females made up 77.3% of participants. The average age was 37.62 years (standard deviation [SD] = 7.79 years).We used 3 measures, as follows:1. The 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, which rates anxiety symptoms on a 4-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). A score of 10 or higher suggests a higher level of anxiety. The Cronbach's α was .85. The 5-item World Health Organization Well-BeingIndex (WHO-5), which gauges subjective well-being, uses a 6-point Likert rating scale from 0 (none of the time) to 5 (all of the time). The total scores were multiplied by 4 to create a percentage scale with a range from 0 (worst well-being) to 100 (best well-being). A score less than 50 indicates poor well-being and possible depression. The Cronbach's α was .88. 3. The Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) is a single item of global sleep quality scored from 0 (terrible sleep) to 10 (excellent sleep). The mean scores on the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, WHO-5, and SQS were 7.43 ± 4.64, 50.54 ± 22.57, and 6.82 ± 2.04, respectively.
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