Lestari DA, Fiqa AP, Fauziah, Budiharta S. 2019. Growth evaluation of native tree species planted on post coal mining reclamation site in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 134-143. Mining activities affect environmental qualities including the loss of vegetation cover and the damages of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. As such, regulations enacted by the Indonesian Government state a legal obligation for mining companies to carry out reclamation on post coal mining site. Reclamation is an activity carried out to organize, restore and improve of environmental quality after mining operations to enhance the highly disturbed ecosystem of mined land into ecologically usable state. Yet, there is little body of knowledge on how to monitor the effectiveness of reclamation in improving environmental quality of ex-mining land. Aims of this study are to evaluate of the growth of native tree species planted on various types of reclamation sites in a mining concession in East Kalimantan, and to analyze the most influencing factor of their growth. Growth parameters measured in this research were plant height, stem diameter and branch-free stem height of the planted species. Micro-climatic factors and diversity of understorey plants were also measured as environmental parameters. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) analysis was conducted using PAST 4.0. statistical program. The results shows that reclamation area of post coal mining in the study site which is most suitable for local plant species, especially Shorea balangeran, has a sloping terrain. PCA shows that factor having maximum influence on growth of planted species on the reclamation site is pH of soil. The higher is the soil pH (i.e. less acid), the better is the species growth because the soil conditions in the post-coal mining area tend to be acidic. This research suggests that in post coal mining reclamation using native trees two key factors to enhance growth performance of planted species are sloping terrain so as water is not inundated and soil pH so as it is not too acid.

Uwi (Dioscorea alata L.) merupakan jenis tanaman umbi-umbian berpotensi nutrisi. Namun pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan pangan alternatif masih jarang, karena keterbatasan informasi potensi nutrisi dan sistem budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan uwi. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan percobaan di Kabupaten Pasuruan, pada tujuh aksesi yang dipilih berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya, yaitu aksesi nomor 28, 36, dan 86 (Pasuruan), 42 dan 43 (Nganjuk), 57 dan 66 (Malang). Parameter lingkungan yang diamati meliputi suhu udara, kelembaban udara, intensitas cahaya, pH tanah, kelembaban tanah, jumlah dan jenis gulma. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan statistik dengan uji Biplot menggunakan software Past 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas cahaya dan jumlah jenis gulma merupakan faktor lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan tanaman uwi. Terdapat tiga grup aksesi tanaman uwi berdasarkan perbedaan faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhannya. Aksesi 42, 43 dan 57 dipengaruhi oleh suhu dan kelembaban udara, aksesi 28, 36 dan 66 dipengaruhi oleh intensitas cahaya dan aksesi 86 dipengaruhi oleh pH tanah. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar gulma yang tumbuh merupakan tanaman invasif yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman komoditas. Aksesi nomor 42, 43 dan 57 direkomendasikan untuk dibudidayakan di lahan sub optimal dengan kondisi pH asam dan minim air.AbstractWater yam (Dioscorea alataL.) is one of the tubers potentially as nutrition source. However, its utilization as the source of food alternative is still rare causes by limited information about its nutritional content and cultivation. The research aimed to determine the environmental factors effects the growth of water yam. The study was conducted in the trial site at Pasuruan with seven selected accessions of water yam based on previous research i.e. accessions number 28, 36 and 86 (Pasuruan), 42 and 43 (Nganjuk), 57 and 66 (Malang). The observed environmental parameters were the number and type of weeds, temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil pH, and soil moisture. The observations were descriptive and statistically analyzed using Biplot test with Past 3 software. The results showed that the light intensity and the number of weed species are the environmental factors that have the most affected on the growth of water yam plants. Accessions 28, 36 and 66 are affected by light intensity, accession 86 is affected by soil pH, and accessions 42, 43 and 57 are affected by air temperature and humidity. Most of the weeds grown in the study area are invasive species, which affect the growth of cultivated crops, so weeding is needed. Accession number 42, 43 and 57 adaptively grow in sub-optimum land with acidic pH conditions and minimum water capacity.

Abstract. Fiqa AP, Budiharta S, Siahaan FA, Rindyastuti R. 2020. Population structure of Gyrinops versteegii within floristic community in Nggalak Protection Forest, Flores Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1561-1568.  Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke is one of the agarwood-producing plants native to eastern Indonesia with high level of exploitation in its natural habitat. Despite being protected by listing it in the CITES Appendix II, anecdotal evidence suggests that G. versteegii population continues to decline. Yet, there is limited empirical data to support such premise. This study was conducted to evaluate the abundance, population structure and floristic importance position of G.versteegii within vegetation community in its natural habitat in Nggalak Forest, Flores. Vegetation analysis was carried out at four growth stages: mature, immature, saplings, and seedlings stage. The results showed that G. versteegii was abundant in its natural habitat in Nggalak Forest in juvenile stages (i.e. seedlings to immature), but not in mature stage. Population densities for seedlings, saplings and immature stage were 313, 150 and 22 individuals per hectare respectively. G. versteegii also hold important position in the community structure, ranks 28th, 6th, and 14th for seedlings, saplings and immature stages respectively in term of importance value index. The high abundance and floristic importance of G. versteegii at the juvenile stages, but not at mature stages, indicates that rampant and over-exploitation of mature plants is likely the major threat to its population. We recommend to replicate similar study in other G. versteegii distribution areas. If similar pattern is found, conservation intervention in the form of protection of its natural population to sustain the juveniles to grow until mature stage may be required along with encouraging cultivation and reintroduction to enhance the population.

Fiqa AP, Fauziah, Lestari DA, Budiharta S. 2019. The importance of in-situ conservation area in mining concession in preserving diversity, threatened and potential floras in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 198-210. East Kalimantan is the most well-known province in Indonesia with high natural resources, particularly from the mining sector. While delivering benefits for economic development, coal mining operation negatively affects biodiversity. Effort to mitigate impacts on biodiversity is by establishing an in-situ conservation area inside the coal mining area. This area is preserved in the form of arboretum from existing natural forests. The aim of this research is to identify the importance of conservation area in a mining concession in East Kalimantan regarding its plants’ diversity, conservation status, and utilization. The research was conducted by doing vegetation analysis and inventorying plant biodiversity inside the in-situ conservation area by using plot samples. The result showed that the in-situ conservation area protects at least 142 species with a high level of biodiversity on all vegetation phases, indicated by Shannon Wiener diversity indices in which all phase have an index higher than 3. It protects 22 species listed in IUCN Red List of threatened species and contains at least 90 potential plants utilized by traditional Dayak people in their daily life. This study highlights that the conservation area is an important part in mining management to protect biodiversity, and suggest that in-situ conservation area should be preserved by every mining concession.

Abstract. Lestari DA, Fiqa AP. 2020. Environmental factors influence on flowering and fruiting period of selected essential oil plants from Annonaceae. Biodiversitas 21: 910-921. Many species of Annonaceae family in tropics produce fragrances, due to the active ingredients for essential oils. Since the abundant of flower and fruit production, basic knowledge of flowering and fruiting periods needs to be known. The aim of this study was to determine influence of environmental factors to selected essential oil plants flowering and fruiting period from Annonaceae family, i.e. Artabotrys suaveolens, Cananga odorata, Desmos chinensis, Dasymaschalon borneense, Fissistigma latifolium, and Xylopia malayana. Observations were made throughout the year during dry and rainy season, with each phase carried out scoring qualitatively based on its abundance in plant canopy. Data on environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall intensity) were obtained from Registration Unit, Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG). Data of flowering and fruiting period were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel, while the influence of environmental factors to flowering and fruiting period was analyzed by Biplot with Past 3.0. statistic program. Flowering period occurred in wet months at the end of year (November-December), while fruiting period occurred in long dry month. Initiation and bloom of flowering were influenced by temperature, while fruiting period was largely influenced by humidity and rainfall intensity, except for C. odorata whose fruiting period was influenced by temperature. Key words: Annonaceae, environmental factors, essential oils, flowering, fruiting

Abstract. Lestari DA, Fiqa AP, Abywijaya IK. 2021. Leaf morphological traits of Orophea spp. (Annonaceae): Living collections of Purwodadi Botanic Gardens, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3403-3411. Orophea (Annonaceae) have various benefits and play important roles in lowland forest structures. Due to their importance, various Orophea species currently require identification for research and conservation purposes. One of many important variables for such purpose is leaf morphometrical features. This study aimed to investigate leaf morphometrical variations, measure morphometrical similarities, and identify determinant morphometrical traits for species identification in Orophea spp. As many as 23 living plant specimens of Orophea spp. cultivated in Purwodadi Botanic Gardens (belongs to 4 species: Orophea celebica, O. chlorantha, O. enneandra, O. hexandra and an unidentified Orophea sp.) were observed. Twelve measured leaf morphometrical traits in this study were leaf length and width, petiole length, distance from leaf base to the widest part of the leaf, number of secondary veins, apex and base shape, leaf area, length of leaf margin, length to width ratio, leaf roundness and slimness indices. Data were analyzed using multiple one-way ANOVA, Hierarchical Cluster and Principal Component Analyses from within R. The results highlighted that O. hexandra was the most distinguishable species with number of secondary veins, length to width ratio, and leaf slimness as the most distinct characters. The unidentified species of Orophea sp. exhibited morphometrical characters similar to O. chlorantha. No distinct leaf morphometrical traits were able to be identified as determinant characters to each species. Thus, suggesting leaf morphological traits analyses to be used only as a supporting component for plant identification, while still paying attention to the plant’s generative characters.

Abstract. Yulistyarini T, Fiqa AP, Budiharta S, Rindyastuti R. 2020. Distribution of Gyrinops versteegii in varying vegetation structures, soil properties, and microclimates in western part of Flores Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1800-1808. Gyrinops versteegii is one of the agarwood-producing tropical plants that is distributed in the Lesser Sunda Islands to Sulawesi, Moluccas (Maluku), and Papua. The natural population of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke is widely exploited, making it being listed in CITES Appendix II. Despite largely exploited, information regarding the distribution of G. versteegii to reveal the habitat characteristics of its natural population is limited. The aims of the research were (i) to investigate the habitat characteristics of the distribution of G. versteegii in term of vegetation community, as well as soil and microclimate variables in its natural habitat in western part of Flores Island, and (ii) to study the relationship between its occurrence and ecological factors. The research was conducted in one community forest and three natural forests in the districts of Manggarai and West Manggarai, Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Data on vegetation, soil properties and microclimates were collected by establishing 73 observation plots across the four studied areas. Data were analyzed to reveal vegetation composition and structure where G. versteegii occurred, the dispersion pattern, and relationship between its occurrence and ecological factors. Our study revealed that G. versteegii populations at four studied areas in Flores Island were distributed in a broad range of habitat characteristics with varying vegetation compositions and structures, canopy covers as well as soil and microclimates variables. The local/metapopulations of G. versteegii in these areas can be dispersed in clumped or uniform pattern. Nonetheless, some ecological variables might be important for the abundance of this species including soil texture, soil pH, C organic and Soil Organic Matters (SOM). The results of this study suggest a promising opportunity for the conservation efforts of G. versteegii through the possibility of planting this species in various land management including planted in monoculture system, polyculture system (e.g. home garden and agroforestry) as well as reintroduced into species-rich natural forest.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

The hydrological performance of individual tree can be estimated by measuring the stem flow, throughfall and rainfall interception. Water distribution through tree canopy is affected by tree architectural model and another tree's morphology. This research was done in order to predict the most appropriate tree species that is suitable on soil and water conservation. This research was conducted in Purwodadi Botanic Garden during the rainy season on January 2014 to March 2015, in order to examine the interception rate, throughfall and stemflow on some selected local plants i.e Syzygium polyanthum, Diospyros blancoi, Schleichera oleosa, Madhuca longifolia, and Canarium vulgare. Other observation that support the data, was also measured i.e. Leaf Area Index (LAI), crown depth, leaf size, Diameter of Breast Height (DBH), and height of tree on each species. Results showed that Diospyros blancoi has the highest interception value, which is 53 %, followed by C. vulgare 47.4%, S. oleosa 46.9 %, M. longifolia 38.6%, and S. polyanthum 35.6% respectively. Under the heavy rain, D. blancoi, which has the highest LAI value, also showed the best performance in the rainfall interception value and showed significantly different among others. Canopy interception and stem flow is related to rainfall, the higher the rainfall, the higher the throughfall and the stemflow among species. Morphology on each species, gives the different effect on their partitioning rainfall value.Keywords: Throughfall, stemfall, rainfall interception, local trees species, Purwodadi Botanic Garden Recycling hidrology is always spinning at any time, it is strongly influenced by the environment and greatly affect the environment. To better manage the hydrology elements, basic information on the environtment elements and inter-relating effects of them is essential. One of the hidrology elements is rainfall and one of the environtment elements is vegetation.The fall of rain water into the ground can be influenced with vegetation grown around area [1].Interception is part of the rainfall that is intercepted by earth's surface includes everything that becomes wet after a rainfall event and that dries out soon after [2]. It is refers to precipitation that does not reach the soil, but is instead intercepted by leaves and branches of plants and the forest floor [3]. Interception can amount up to 15-50% of precipitation, which is a significant part of the water balance. The interception losses were dependent not only upon the intensity of rainfall events [4,5] but also upon the size of the drops [6], and differences in interception losses among canopy species were explained by the size of throughfall drops [7]. Canopy interception can be calculated by measuring the hydrological performance of individual trees. It can be estimated by measuring stemflow, pass the crown gap (through-fall) and interception of rainwater [3].Vegetation often modifies the intensity and distribution of rainfall by stem flow, through fall, and interception through its leaves and branc...