ResumenEl fruto de chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) es muy susceptible al deterioro poscosecha debido a su naturaleza climatérica. Con el fin de observar el efecto antisenescente del resveratrol (RVS), éste bioregulador vegetal se aplicó en frutos de 'Fino de Jete' y 'Bronceada' a 1,6; 0,16; 0,016 y 0 mM a los 0, 8 y 15 días antes de la cosecha (DAC). A los 1, 7 y 15 días después de la cosecha (DDC) se analizaron variables bioquímicas y biofísicas. Al termino de 15 días de almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente, en relación al control, 1,6 mM RVS, aplicado 15 DAC, disminuyó el ablandamiento del fruto 78% para chirimoya 'Fino de Jete' y 54% para 'Bronceada'. A los 15 DDC se realizó la evaluación sensorial a frutos tratados 8 y 15 DAC, los resultados mostraron que los frutos de mayor aceptación fueron los tratados con 1,6 mM RVS ya sea a los 8 y 15 DAC, al ser calificados como de mejor aspecto, aroma y sabor. Palabras clave: Ablandamiento, Annona cherimola Mill., climatérico, deshidratación, evaluación sensorial. AbstractDue to its climateric behavior, the cherimoya fruit (Annona cherimola Mill.) is a very perishable commodity. Present research aimed to observe the anti-senescence effect of resveratrol (RVS); this plant bioregulator was applied at 1.6, 0.16, 0.016 and 0 mM at 0, 8 and 15 days before harvest (DBH). At 1, 7 and 15 days of postharvest life, several physical and biochemical determinations were performed on the cherimoya fruit. After 15 days under room temperature conditions, in relation to control fruit, those fruit with 1.6 mM RVS applied 15 DBH reduced skin softening rate 78% and 54% for 'Fino de Jete' and 'Bronceada', respectively. Similarly, after 15 days of storage, a non-trained group of tasters preferred those fruit treated with 1.6 mM RVS 15 DBH; they qualified the fruit as better than the control fruit in presentation, aroma and taste.
ResumenUna vez cosechada, la chirimoya madura para consumo en 3 a 7 d, en ese periodo se ablanda y se daña con el manejo poscosecha y la transportación. El resveratrol (RVS) ha demostrado reducir la tasa de ablandamiento de chirimoya. En este trabajo, para minimizar los daños por manejo poscosecha y transportación, se aplicó 0 ó 1.6 mM de RVS en chirimoya 'Fino de Jete' a los 8 o 15 d antes de la cosecha (DAC). Se simuló manejo poscosecha y transportación y los frutos se almacenaron a temperatura ambiente (TA) entre 15 y 20 °C. Después de 15 d de almacenamiento, los frutos tratados con 1.6 mM RVS 15 DAC presentaron menor (p< 0.05) deshidratación (7.4%); la cinetica del peso fresco no fue diferente cuando se aplicó 0 o 1.6 mM RVS a 8 DAC. Con una dosis de 1.6 mM de RVS se redujo (p< 0.05) la pérdida de firmeza del fruto (7.5 y 5.7%) y cáscara (9 y 3%) en ambas fechas de aplicación en relación al control.Palabras clave: Annona cherimola Mill., climatérico, daños mecánicos, manejo poscosecha, transportación.La chirimoya (Anonna cherimolla Mill.) cosechada tarda de 3 a 7 d en madurar (González et al., 2010) y se vuelve blanda y delicada para su manejo poscosecha y transportación. Los daños mecánicos son consecuencia de técnicas inapropiadas de cosecha, manejo y transportación AbstractOnce harvested, the cherimoya fruit matures for consumption in 3 to 7 days; during this period, it softens and is damaged by the post-harvest handling and transport. Resveratrol (RVS) has been shown to reduce the ratio of softening for cherimoyas. In this paper, in order to minimize the damages due to post-harvest handling and transport, 0 or 1.6 mm of RVS was applied to cherimoya 'Fino de Jete' at 8 or 15 days before harvest (DBH). Post-harvest handling and transport was simulated and the fruits were stored at room temperature (RT) between 15 and 20 ºC. After 15 days of storage, the fruits treated with 1.6 mm of RVS at 15 DBH showed less (p< 0.05) dehydration (7.4%); the kinetics of the fresh weight was not different when 0 or 1.6 mm of RVS were applied at 8 DBH. With a dose of 1.6 mm of RVS, there was a decrease (p< 0.05) in the loss of fruit firmness (7.5 and 5.7%) and in the loss of skin firmness (9 and 3%) for both dates of application with regard to the control.
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