ResumenEl fruto de chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) es muy susceptible al deterioro poscosecha debido a su naturaleza climatérica. Con el fin de observar el efecto antisenescente del resveratrol (RVS), éste bioregulador vegetal se aplicó en frutos de 'Fino de Jete' y 'Bronceada' a 1,6; 0,16; 0,016 y 0 mM a los 0, 8 y 15 días antes de la cosecha (DAC). A los 1, 7 y 15 días después de la cosecha (DDC) se analizaron variables bioquímicas y biofísicas. Al termino de 15 días de almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente, en relación al control, 1,6 mM RVS, aplicado 15 DAC, disminuyó el ablandamiento del fruto 78% para chirimoya 'Fino de Jete' y 54% para 'Bronceada'. A los 15 DDC se realizó la evaluación sensorial a frutos tratados 8 y 15 DAC, los resultados mostraron que los frutos de mayor aceptación fueron los tratados con 1,6 mM RVS ya sea a los 8 y 15 DAC, al ser calificados como de mejor aspecto, aroma y sabor. Palabras clave: Ablandamiento, Annona cherimola Mill., climatérico, deshidratación, evaluación sensorial. AbstractDue to its climateric behavior, the cherimoya fruit (Annona cherimola Mill.) is a very perishable commodity. Present research aimed to observe the anti-senescence effect of resveratrol (RVS); this plant bioregulator was applied at 1.6, 0.16, 0.016 and 0 mM at 0, 8 and 15 days before harvest (DBH). At 1, 7 and 15 days of postharvest life, several physical and biochemical determinations were performed on the cherimoya fruit. After 15 days under room temperature conditions, in relation to control fruit, those fruit with 1.6 mM RVS applied 15 DBH reduced skin softening rate 78% and 54% for 'Fino de Jete' and 'Bronceada', respectively. Similarly, after 15 days of storage, a non-trained group of tasters preferred those fruit treated with 1.6 mM RVS 15 DBH; they qualified the fruit as better than the control fruit in presentation, aroma and taste.
As a country, Mexico presents an especially wide range of fruit germplasm diversity. Tepexi de Rodríguez, Puebla, Mexico, belongs to The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, which is an arid zone recognized to have a flora diversity. In that place, wild plum (Ximenia americana L. var. americana; Olacaceae), locally named ''tihuixocote'' grows mainly in backyards, the fruit of this species is appreciated by native people due to its taste, which is reported to be a mixture between sweet and sour. Fruit from 15 trees were characterized by measuring bio-physical and bio-chemical parameters, including weight, diameter (equatorial and polar), relationship equatorial/polar diameters, total sugar, soluble solid content and phenolic compounds. The results of this study indicate variability for these various wild plum fruit characteristics among trees growing in a reduced territorial space.
ResumenEl Estado de México conjuga condiciones edafoclimaticas para el desarrollo de frutales que son fuente de fibras, vitaminas y minerales. Con el objetivo de inventariar las especies con frutos o semillas comestibles, se llevó a cabo una recolecta de ejemplares de junio 2012 a mayo de 2013. Informantes clave aportaron datos sobre las especies con frutos y semillas comestibles. Los ejemplares se determinaron taxonómicamente, la designación del hábito de crecimiento (hierba, arbusto o árbol), el origen geográfico, tipos de fruto, forma de consumo y usos adicionales, se realizó con base en observaciones de campo y revisión de literatura. Se registraron 40 familias, 83 géneros y 138 especies; 101 nativas y 37 introducidas. Las familias con mayor riqueza fueron: Cactaceae, Rosaceae y Fabaceae con 16, 14 y 12 especies respectivamente. Los géneros mejor representados fueron Opuntia con 13 especies y Citrus con cinco. El hábito de crecimiento dominante fue árboles con 74 especies, seguido por arbustos con 35 y hierbas con 29. Se reconocieron 19 tipos de fruto, prevalecen la baya (42.8 % especies) y la drupa (22.5 %). En 121 especies se consume el fruto y en 17 la semilla o estructuras anexas como sarcotesta y arilo. Además se procesan en diferentes modalidades; almíbar, licor, atole y helado son las más frecuentes. 94 presentan usos adicionales, destaca medicinal con 75 especies y ornamental con 36. Por lo tanto, es importante identificar estos recursos fitogenéticos y definir su potencial aún no aprovechado. AbstractThe State of Mexico combines edaphoclimatic conditions for the development of fruit that are sources of fiber, vitamins and minerals. In order to inventory the species with edible fruits or seeds, it was held a collection of specimens in June 2012 to May 2013. Key informants provided data on species with edible fruits and seeds. The specimens were identified taxonomically, the designation of growth habit (herb, shrub or tree), geographical origin, type of fruit, consumption and additional uses, it was made based on field observations and review of literature. 40 families, 83 genera and 138 species were recorded; 101 native and 37 introduced. The richest families were: Cactaceae, Rosaceae and Fabaceae with 16, 14 and 12 species respectively. The best represented were Opuntia with 13 species and Citrus with five. The dominant growth habit was tree with 74 species, followed by shrubs with 35 and grasses with 29. 19 types of fruit were recognized, prevailing the berries (42.8% species) and drupe (22.5%). In 121 species the fruit is consumed and in 17 the seed or adnexal structures as sarcotesta and aryl. Besides, are processed in different ways; syrup, liquor, atole and ice cream are the most frequent. 94 have additional uses, medicinal stands with 75 species and ornamental with 36. Therefore, it is important to identify these genetic resources and define their potential untapped.Keywords: biological form, consumption type, native fruit, types of fruit. IntroducciónMéxico es un país megadiverso y una nació...
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