Aim:To evaluate the protective and ameliorative effect of aqueous sea buckthorn leaf extract (SLE) on hemato-biochemical profile in lead intoxicated Wistar rats.Materials and Methods:An experiment was conducted for 60 days. 36 adult male Wistar rats with a mean body weight of 177.8±12.6 g were divided into five groups and were subjected to various daily oral treatment regimens. Group I served as a negative control receiving only feed and water, Group II (positive control for lead) received lead acetate at 250 ppm in drinking water, and Group III (positive control for SLE) received SLE at 100 mg/kg b.wt. Animals in Group IV received a combination of lead acetate at 250 ppm in drinking water for the first 45 days and SLE at 100 mg/kg b.wt. throughout the experimental period of 60-day, and in Group V for the last 15 days of the trial after the administration of lead acetate until the first 45 days of the trial to study the protective and ameliorating effects of SLE, respectively. Blood samples were collected from retro-orbital fossa of each rat on 0th, 45th, and 60th day of the experiment for hemato-biochemical analysis including hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine.Results:Significantly (p<0.01) lower levels of serum total proteins and albumin, and a significantly (p<0.01) higher serum cholesterol, urea and creatinine levels were observed in Group II (lead intoxicated group) in comparison to Group I (negative control). Administration of SLE at 100 mg/kg body wt. to lead intoxicated Wistar rats resulted in normalization of almost all the biochemical parameters studied in both the treatment Groups, i.e., IV and V (protective and ameliorative). However, the effects were more pronounced in the protective group. No effects of SLE supplementation were observed on Hb levels. PCV levels improved in protective groups, but no effect was observed in ameliorative group in comparison to lead intoxicated groups.Conclusion:SLE administration at 100 mg/kg b.wt. to lead intoxicated Wistar rats may be used to protect/ameliorate lead induced biochemical alterations in Wistar rats.
The present investigation was aimed to study the effect of vitamin C on electrolyte concentrations in blood and urine in water deprived goats during summer and winter seasons. Eighteen adult male goats were selected for the experiment during both seasons.In each season, there were two treatment groups: T1 and T2 group. In T1 group, water was restricted and subdivided into three experimental periods: in period 1 (day 1 to 7), goats were adapted to the water restriction regime by limiting access to water gradually from 15 to 3 hour per day. During the second period of the experiment (day 8 to 14), animals had access to water for 3 hours/day. In the final period of the experiment (day 15 to 22), animals had access to water only every second day for 6 hours. In T2 group, the same protocol as mentioned above was followed with addition of vitamin C supplementation (180 mg/kg body weight/animal/day). In the control group (both season), water was offered ad libitum (24 hours) throughout the experimental period. Blood and urine samples were collected and concentrations of different electrolytes were estimated. In T1 group, serum and urine sodium, potassium and chloride levels showed increasing trend (P<0.05) in both seasons.Urine sodium and chloride concentrations showed increasing trend up to day 22 in both seasons in T2 group; whereas, potassium concentration showed similar trend from day 7 during winter season, but during summer concentration increased up to 7 day, then decreased. Significantly lower (P<0.05) serum and urine electrolyte values were observed in vitamin C supplemented group as compared to water deprived group in last days (14 and 22 day) of experiment.The overall summer value of serum sodium and chloride were higher as compared to overall winter values in all the groups; whereas, overall summer value of potassium was higher only in control group as compared to winter season.Overall summer value of urine sodium was higher in all groups, significant variation found in T2 group. Overall potassium concentrations in urine was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 in summer. Summer chloride concentrations in urine were higher in treatment groups; whereas, lower in control.Water deprivation had negative impact on electrolyte balance, which can be ameoliorated by supplementation of ascorbic acid at the rate of @180mg/kg b.wt./day.
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