The article presents the results of scientific research on the use of residues of the dairy industry (cake) as an organic fertilizer for spring wheat. Cake refers to the residues obtained by cleaning milk pipes, and has a chemical composition and physical properties similar to cottage cheese, but has a pungent and unpleasant smell of spoiled foods. The direct effect of oilcake on the growth and development of spring wheat on light gray forest loamy soil was studied in field experiments established in 2017–2019. Scientific studies have shown that cake is an excellent organic fertilizer, and its use in doses of 30, 60 and 90 t/ha dramatically increases soil fertility and productivity of spring wheat, improves grain quality.
The article presents for the first time the results of using organic substances belonging to the category of industrial waste as fertilizers for agricultural crops. The dairy industry has waste (hereinafter referred to as cake) generated during the cleaning of milk pipes and requiring additional costs for their disposal. Biogas plant products (hereinafter referred to as biofertilizer) obtained from fresh chicken manure by fermentation in an anaerobic environment are also promising as fertilizer for agricultural crops. Biofertilizer and cake were applied superficially at different plots at doses of 3 kg/m2 (30 t/ha), 6 kg/m2 (60 t/ha) and 9 kg/m2 (90 t/ha). The potato tubers of the ‘Gala’ variety of German selection were planted. It was found that the higher the dose of the used substances, the greater the yield of potatoes. The yield increase in the variant of 30 t/ha of cake was 5.9 t/ha of potato tubers, 60 t/ha of cake - 11.3 t/ha, and in the variant of 90 t/ha of cake - 15.5 t/ha. The use of biofertilizers also caused an increase in yield. The use of waste as fertilizers enhances the biological activity of soils, increases the content of mobile nutrients of plants of light gray forest soil.
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