Modelling wash-off and leaching of pollutants by spring-time flow

Vasilyev, A.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90257-7

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The erosion of diurnally and seasonally frozen soils by snow‐melt runoff is the primary geomorphological agent in high‐altitude and high‐latitude regions, and is an important process in the cold regions of the America, Europe, Asia, and the Antarctic Peninsula (Johnsson and Lundin, ; Hayhoe et al , ; Seyfried and Flerchinger, ; Vasilyev, ; Golledge, ). In the Langtang Catchment (Nepal) of the Himalaya Region, snow and ice covers are extensive (Ragettli et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meltwater erosion process of frozen soil as affected by thawed depth under concentrated flow in high altitude and cold regions

Ban

Lei

Chen

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Changes in thawed depth of frozen soil caused by diurnal and seasonal temperature fluctuations are commonly found in high altitude and latitude regions of the world. These changes significantly influence hydrologic and erosion processes. Experimental data are necessary to improve the understanding and modeling of the phenomenon. Laboratory experiments were conducted in Beijing to assess the impacts of thawed soil depth, slope gradient, and flow rate on soil erosion by concentrated meltwater flow over an underlying frozen soil layer. Soil samples from watershed were filled in flumes, saturated before being frozen. After the soil was completely frozen, flumes were taken out of storage to thaw the frozen soil from top to the designed depths. Meltwater flow was simulated using a tank filled with water and icecubes at approximately 0°C. The erosion experiments involved four thawed soil depths of 1, 2, 5, and 10 cm; three slope gradients of 5°, 10°, and 15°; and three flow rates of 1, 2, and 4 l/min; and seven rill lengths of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 m. Sediment-laden water samples were collected at the lower end of the flume for determination of sediment concentration. The results showed that sediment concentration increased exponentially with rill length to approach a maximum value. The sediment concentrations were closely correlated with thawed soil depth, flow rate, and slope gradient. Shallower thawed depths delivered more sediments than deeper thawed depths. Slope gradient was the primary factor responsible for severe erosion. The effect of flow rate on sediment concentration which decreased with increasing slope gradient, was not as significant as that of slope gradient. Results from these experiments are useful for understanding the effect of thawed soil depth on erosion process in thawed soils subject to freezing and for estimating erosion model parameters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meltwater erosion process of frozen soil as affected by thawed depth under concentrated flow in high altitude and cold regions

Ban

Lei

Chen

et al. 2017

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The highest values of water content at the 50 cm depth occurred in the periods after air temperature changed from negative values to above 0°C. Data on the depth of soil freezing are attributed to a number of applications (Bayard et al 2005;Vasilyev 1994). According to various studies, it can take from 2 to 3 weeks from the start of thawing for the frozen layer to dissipate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil water and stable isotopes in the unsaturated zone profile – field observations and analysis

Skuratovič

Mažeika

Jefanova

et al. 2022

Baltica

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In this review, we provide research data emphasizing the role of groundwater table and hydrometeorological parameters variation on soil water fluctuations in the unsaturated soil profile. We focused on soil water content, air temperature, precipitation and groundwater table observations. The ThetaProbe Soil Water Sensors basing on changes in the apparent dielectric constant were used for soil volumetric water content measurements. The sensors were installed at the different depths of the unsaturated zone profile under natural atmospheric conditions. The observations lasted more than five years (14 November 2013 – 31 December 2018). Groundwater table data was obtained using Diver data loggers, which continuously recorded water pressure and temperature. For more detailed investigations of water and mass transport at the Maišiagala radioactive waste repository site water, stable isotopes as environmental tracers were used as well.

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“…Soil erosion by snow or ice melt waterflow is an important type of soil erosion in high-altitude and highlatitude areas (Emmanuel et al, 2008), such as the cold regions of North America, northeastern Europe, the Antarctic Peninsula, and the Tibetan Plateau in Asia (Hayhoe et al, 1995;Seyfried and Flerchinger, 1994;Vasilyev, 1994;Ollesch et al, 2005;Golledge, 2014;Ban et al, 2017). The erosion rate during snowmelt events in some areas can reach or even exceed the rainfall erosion rate (e.g., Demidov et al, 1995;Lundekvam, 2001;Ollesch etc., 2005;Wu et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field experimental study on the effect of thawed depth of frozen alpine meadow soil on rill erosion by snowmelt waterflow

Shi

Zhang

Lei

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Soil erosion by snow or ice melt waterflow is an important type of soil erosion in many high-altitude and high-latitude regions. The snowmelt waterflow erosion process, affected by soil freeze and thaw, is highly dynamically variable. In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of thawed depth of frozen soil profile on snowmelt waterflow erosion of alpine meadow soil in the spring. The experiments involved five thawed depths from 0 to 100 mm under two snowmelt waterflow rates of 3 L/min and 5 L/min. The unthawed soil or shallow-thawed depth of 10 mm significantly altered the runoff and sediment production mechanism, including a significant delay of the runoff generation time and change of hydrograph and sedigraph. When the soil was frozen, the topsoil was structured with large open voids, to retain water and impede flow. This resulted in runoff generation time that was greatly lagged and soil erosion in the initial stage that was inhibited. The relationship curve of runoff and sediment concentration showed two-stage patterns that characterized a limited sediment supply in the early stage and hydrodynamic-controlled processes in the later stage. The deep-thawed cases ([?] 30 mm) showed similar hydrograph and sedigraph patterns with unfrozen soil condition. The findings of this study provide guidance for the future improvement of erosion model of partially thawed soil. Keywords: snowmelt waterflow erosion; thawed soil depth; soil freeze and thaw; runoff generation; sediment rating curve Field experimental study on the effect of thawed depth of frozen alpine meadow soil on rill erosion by snowmelt waterflow

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Modelling wash-off and leaching of pollutants by spring-time flow

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Meltwater erosion process of frozen soil as affected by thawed depth under concentrated flow in high altitude and cold regions

Meltwater erosion process of frozen soil as affected by thawed depth under concentrated flow in high altitude and cold regions

Soil water and stable isotopes in the unsaturated zone profile – field observations and analysis

Field experimental study on the effect of thawed depth of frozen alpine meadow soil on rill erosion by snowmelt waterflow

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